<p>The Curtis—Shipley Farmstead is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is located on the first land grant in modern Howard County, then Anne Arundel County, to the English settler Adam Shipley in 1688 who settled properties in Maryland as early as 1675. The 500 acre estate was called "Adam the First".</p><br>
<p>In 1874, the property was sold with buildings to Peter A. Harmon. A two-story Gothic Revival frame house built with an addition built by John and Lousia Curtis in 1891. Southeast of the main house is a gable-front frame garage, a one-story shed-roofed chicken house, a hog barn, a frame board-and-batten granary, and a board-and-batten bank barn with an unusually deep forebay. The property also contains Shipley and Brown family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>William Smallwood in acquired the property and in 1883 the property was acquired by James A. Curtis, who willed it to his son Robert Curtis who in turn willed it his sons Robert Jr. and Glenn.</p><br>
<p>In 1958 the existing porch was remodeled and converted into a full kitchen and indoor plumbing was added at that time. In 1992, the property boundaries were redefined by the Maryland State Highway Administration to accommodate the Route 100 construction through the historic farm.</p><br>
<p>In 2002 56-acres was sold and subdivided to Buzzuto Homes for a development "Shipley&#39;s Grant" which surrounds the historic home now.</p><br>
<p>The Curtis-Shipley Farmstead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Latukan volcano is a potentially active stratovolcano in the centre of a chain of young E-W-trending stratovolcanoes in NW Mindanao, SE of Lake Lanao, province of Lanao del Sur, island of Mindanao, in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.</p><br>
<p>The Global Volcanism Program records its elevation as 2,338 m at a latitude of 7.65°N (7°390"N) and longitude of 124.45°E (124°270"E).</p><br>
<p>Latukan is flanked on the west by Makaturing volcano and on the NE by the historically active Ragang volcano.</p><br>
<p>Latukan was listed as an active volcano in the Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (Neumann van Padang, 1953), but the date of its most recent eruptions is not known.</p><br>
<p>Latukan lies in an area of dominantly basaltic volcanoes west of the cordillera in central Mindanao.</p><br>
<p>The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) lists Latukan as an inactive volcano, without any indication as to why it considers Latukan to be inactive.</p><br>
<p>Like most volcanoes in southern Philippines, Latukan has not been well studied.</p><br>
<p>Dorsey Hall is a historic home in Columbia, Maryland, United States. It is a six-by-one-bay, -story stucco structure with a gable roof covered with asphalt shingles. It is a well-preserved and detailed example of the vernacular dwellings of the early 19th century in Howard County and associated with the Dorsey family, one of the "first families" of the county.</p><br>
<p>Dorsey Hall was built on Dorseys Search, a parcel of land patented by Hon. John Dorsey of Hockley-in-the-hole (1645–1714) in Baltimore County (now Howard County), the brother of Edward Dorsey. The 479 acre property adjacent to the north branch of the Patuxent River was surveyed by Richard Beard in December 1684, and granted to Dorsey in March 1696. The surrounding residential neighborhood of Dorseys Search was named after the original land grant. The farm operated with slave labor until the death of Caleb Dorsey in 1864.</p><br>
<p>In 1963, owner Julius Mandel and Gudelsky Company attempted to rezone the site for high-rise apartments. The property was retitled to the Gudelsky-owned Contee Sand and Gravel Company. The 685-acre property was then purchased by The Rouse Company&#39;s shell corporation Columbia Industrial Development Corp. for redevelopment, which was halted in 1968 by residential opposition. The building underwent a renovation in 1979. The stone gristmill remains were still visible onsite at the time.</p><br>
<p>The 5.4 acre of land surrounding Dorsey Hall that was acquired by The Rouse Company was resold to land developers Richard Talkin and Donald Reuwer for $785,000 in 2000. In July 2000, a $3.5 million, 32,000 square-foot office project broke ground. By 2001, the site of the estate was subdivided and reduced to 2 acres with a survey claiming no outbuildings were present unlike the neighboring Woodlawn Estate from the same period.</p><br>
<p>Dorsey Hall now stands at the entrance to a business park (comprising mostly medical offices) at 5100 Dorsey Hall Drive, the architecture of which is compatible with the building. However, although it forms an imposing image, it has no signage or other identification and is not open to the public. The confusion is amplified by the adjacent business park at 5010 Dorsey Hall Drive, which bears a sign naming itself the "Dorsey Hall Business Park."</p><br>
<p>Just north of Maryland Route 108, Dorsey Hall is technically at the southern edge of unincorporated Ellicott City, Maryland, rather than the northern edge of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Petrie Bight is a reach of the Brisbane River in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The small pocket of land to the north of the bight, centred on the area under the Story Bridge&#39;s northern point and around the Brisbane River to Customs House is also known as Petrie Bight; it falls within the suburbs of the Brisbane CBD and Fortitude Valley. However, land to the south of the reach Petrie Bight does not use that name, and is known by its suburb name of Kangaroo Point.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Petrie Bight is a sharp curve in the Brisbane River at the northern ends of the Town Reach (upstream) and the Shafston Reach (downstream) around the tip of Kangaroo Point. The name is derived from the association of the area with early Brisbane builder Andrew Petrie, who established his workshop and residence at the corner of Wharf and Queen Streets.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The location was originally known as Petrie Gardens and was an early settlement farm, one of two that provided food for the colony. The site was named after Andrew Petrie and has been the base for water police and in earlier times wharves. The location of Customs House and the preference for wharves was due to site being directly downstream from the central business district.</p><br>
<p>Surveyor Henry Wade, on his 1844 Map of the Environs of Brisbane Town, identified the Petries Bight area south of Boundary Street and east of Queen Street as "Reserved for Dry Dock". Surveyor Galloway did the same on his 1856 Plan of the Suggested Extension of the Town of Brisbane. At this time the surrounding area was sparsely occupied, with Andrew Petries house and factory at the corner of Wharf and Queen Streets; Dr Hobbs house (now St Johns Deanery) a little further north in Adelaide Street; the original Customs House in Queen Street, beside the Brisbane River; and a ferry jetty just north of the Customs Houses.</p><br>
<p>A map of Brisbane Town showing the new town boundaries no longer labelled Petrie&#39;s Bight as a reserve for a dry dock (no dry dock was ever established there), but the site remained unsurveyed Government land. An early track (the northern end of Queen Street) ran through this land, branching off in three directions to New Farm, Fortitude Valley and the northwest end of Spring Hollow.</p><br>
<p>Under the provisions of the Brisbane Gas Company Bill 1864 the Queensland Government granted to the Company a site bounded by what are now Ann, Boundary and Macrossan streets and a 160-metre frontage to the Brisbane River, as the site for Brisbanes first gas works. This was the northern half of the Government land at Petries Bight. Gas production commenced there in 1865, providing the Brisbane Municipal Council with a regular supply of gas for street lighting. By the early 1870s the demand for gas for domestic consumption was outstripping supply, and in the mid-1870s a second gasometer was constructed on the site. In 1873 the Brisbane Gas Company gained a formal deed of grant to the Petrie&#39;s Bight land, an area of 4 acres 17.5 perches (1.66ha), which the Company had purchased from the Government in May 1873 for £4,300.</p><br>
<p>An April 1873 a survey plan titled Survey of Site of Gas Works and Adjacent Crown Land Shewing Road Through Same indicates that by this date the gas works site was fenced along the entire length of its land boundaries, but that through this the government had just surveyed a 20 feet wide road between Macrossan and Boundary streets, which later became an extension of Adelaide Street. Photographs from the 1860s and early 1870s show a tall paling fence around the perimeter of the gas works, prohibiting public access. Early Brisbane resident Victor Drury, writing in The Courier-Mail in 1939, recalled: "When Adelaide Street was extended to Boundary Street, there were turnstiles there, and only pedestrians could use the path as a short cut to Queen Street."</p><br>
<h3>River wharfage</h3><br>
<p>In the early 1840s wharfage in Brisbane was concentrated along the South Brisbane Reach of the Brisbane River, but within a decade had extended to the Town Reach further downstream, which soon rivalled South Brisbane in terms of shipping activity. An 1849 decision to locate Brisbanes first purpose-built Customs House at the northern end of the Town Reach acted as the impetus for the development of wharves on this part of the river. The Commissariat Store below William Street, which had served as Brisbanes first customs facility, was replaced in 1850 by a new customs building on the site of the present Customs House in Queen Street, at Petrie&#39;s Bight. (This in turn was replaced in 1886-89 by the current building.) During the 1850s and 1860s, a number of shipping companies and private investors constructed wharves and warehouses between the Customs House and Alice Street, near the City Botanic Gardens.</p><br>
<p>Construction of a Government wharf (Kennedy Wharf) at Petries Bight north of the Customs House commenced in 1875 was completed in 1877 and was leased to private shipping firms. In 1880 the Brisbane Municipal Council acquired the wharf and immediately extended it northward, creating the (now heritage-listed) Petrie Bight retaining wall between the wharf and Queen Street. In 1884 the Council also constructed a wharf at the end of Boundary Street, and in the mid-1880s William Collin established his own wharf at Petries Bight, just downstream from the Councils Boundary Street wharf. Purchase of land from the Brisbane Gas Company in 1902 gave the Council control of the river frontage from the Customs House to Boundary Street, and between 1913 and 1916 the Council constructed reinforced concrete wharves between Macrossan and Boundary Streets, and between Kennedy Wharf and the Customs House. The whole of the Councils wharfage at Petrie&#39;s Bight was subsequently renamed Circular Quay Wharves.</p><br>
<p>Between 1900 and 1912 Brisbane Wharves Ltd established wharves at Petries Bight from Boundary Street to Bowen Terrace, rivalling the Councils Circular Quay facilities in importance. Principal investors in the Brisbane Wharf Company were Howard Smith and William Collin and Sons. From the late 1890s, Howard Smith and Company Ltd occupied the Councils Boundary Street Wharf at Petries Bight and in the early years of the 20th century leased the adjacent new wharves constructed by Brisbane Wharves Limited at the base of the New Farm cliffs, below Bowen Terrace. These wharves were extended in the 1920s, and in the 1930s were resumed by the Queensland government for the construction of the Story Bridge.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century the roads to Petries Bight were improved significantly by the Brisbane City Council, providing an important impetus for the construction of new warehouses in the Upper Adelaide Street area. From 1923 to 1928 the Brisbane City Council implemented its most ambitious town improvement scheme to that date: the widening of Adelaide Street by 14 feet along its entire length. Resumptions in Adelaide Street had commenced in the 1910s, but work on the street widening did not take place until the 1920s. The work was undertaken in stages, commencing in 1923 at the southern end where the new Brisbane City Hall was under construction. Some buildings had the front section removed and a contemporary facade installed on the new road alignment. Elsewhere, earlier buildings were demolished and substantial new structures took their place. At the northern end of Adelaide Street the cutting down of the hill below St Johns Cathedral in 1928 facilitated greater access to Petrie Bight, which, close to new city wharves at the end of Boundary Street, boomed in the 1920s as a warehousing district.</p><br>
<p>By 1921 Queensland was poised to resume the economic boom interrupted by the First World War (1914–18). In the period 1922-1928, Queensland experienced its first and last economic boom between the outbreak of war in 1914 and the 1950s. The benefits of the boom economy were reflected throughout the State, but nowhere more so than in Brisbane, with 29% of the Queensland population in December 1924. In physical terms the boom was expressed in a spate of building activity that transported the central business district of Brisbane into the 20th century, shedding its late Victorian image.</p><br>
<p>The take-off in the building industry was evident during 1922-23, reflected in an active central business district real estate market, and prompting the Brisbane City Council to re-assess central city rateable values in 1923. By September 1925 property in Queen Street, the principal retail and financial street of Brisbane, could be acquired only at highly inflated prices, forcing investors into more peripheral locations such as Petrie&#39;s Bight. A fall in the price of building materials, combined with the trend in using concrete, a more economical product than brick, for large construction projects, further stimulated building activity.</p><br>
<p>The Bell River is a river that drains the Drakensberg uplands of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Its drainage basin, a part of the headwaters of the Orange River, is approximately 424 km&sup2; in extent, ranging from an altitude of 1,720 m  to 3,001 m. The rivers source is near the Lesotho border to the north of the high Naudes Neck Pass. Downstream it passes the town of Rhodes, to eventually form a tributary of the Kraai River some 40 km  from its source. In fact the Bell River and the Sterkspruit, become the Kraai River northeast of Moshesh&#39;s Ford flowing further west towards Aliwal North, where it joins the Orange River.</p><br>
<p>The river has a strong population of rainbow trout. The Bells Wild Trout Festival is based in the town of Rhodes and is organised by the Wild Trout Association. Up to 80 participants fish for three days on 180 km of running water which is within an hours drive of the village.</p><br>
<p>The catchment area has been used extensively for grazing by commercial farmers since the 1870s. Consequently, the river&#39;s water quality and channel stability is affected by increased sediment loading from widespread gully erosion in the catchment area. As a remedy, willow species of the Salix family, in particular Salix caprea, have been planted along the banks in an effort to prevent further channel shifting in the form of meander cutoffs.</p><br>
<p>The Lawn, is a historic home located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland, USA. It is a 19th-century frame house built in 1835 with five outbuildings, three of which  date from the 19th century. The house was owned by George Washington Dobbin, who built the home originally as a summer retreat. The Rouse Company commercial corridor and road is named after Dobbin.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, The Lawn was purchased after it had been apartments for many years. Many improvements were made, such as the library room floors being raised and refinished. In 2006, The Lawn was the Howard County Decorator Show house; professional decorators came in and refinished, furnished and decorated several rooms. Both the main kitchen and the butler pantry received renovations including new cabinets and appliances. The house was restored to its original glory.</p><br>
<p>Woodlawn, is a historic slave plantation located at Columbia, Howard County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story, stuccoed stone house built in 1840 with wood frame portions constructed about 1785. It was part of a 200-acre farm divided from larger parcels patented by the Dorsey family. The design reflects the transition between the Greek Revival and Italianate architecture styles. The home is associated with Henry Howard Owings, a prominent Howard County landowner and farmer, who also served as a judge of the Orphan&#39;s Court for Howard County. Owings purchased the property in 1858 and died at Woodlawn in 1869. The former tobacco farm produced corn, oats, hay, and pork. The majority of the property surrounding Woodland and its slave quarters were subdivided by 1966 and purchased by Howard Research and Development for the planned community development Columbia, Maryland, leaving only 5 acres surrounded by multiple lots intended for development of an Oakland Ridge industrial center and equestrian center. The summer kitchen, smokehouse, corn crib and stable built about 1830 have been replaced by a parking lot.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, Preservation Howard County appealed to the Columbia Association to restore the adjacent stone slave quarters building predating the 1789 Woodlawn house. In 2004 the property surrounding the Woodlawn manor was rezoned from residential to dense office use. All of the 200-year-old trees surrounding the property were declared diseased by the developer-owner and cut down. In June 2006, Developer Ron Brasher submitted plans to build a 71,705sf office building adjacent to Woodlawn with a parking lot surrounding the building on all sides. The project was temporarily delayed due to lack of road access and requests for reduced setbacks. The planning and zoning director cited the developer&#39;s efforts to restore and lease the 5000sf mansion for office space or a "condo opportunity" as a way to preserve the manor recently rezoned by the department. In August 2007, the Columbia Association purchased the slave quarters property and approved another $125,000 for restoration with the construction of the office project pending.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Linnwood, is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is a large 1901 Queen Anne-influenced house consisting of a -story four-bay by four-bay frame structure with vinyl siding, a rubble stone foundation, and a hip roof with asphalt shingles. Six domestic outbuildings are arrayed behind the house, including a springhouse/greenhouse, shop building/cold storage and annex, garage, smokehouse, privy, and a modern garage. A stone gateway with iron gates is located at the road, flanking the driveway. The house&#39;s Late Victorian form and appearance resulted from a thorough remodeling in 1901 of a preexisting farmhouse, according to designs by architect D. S. Hopkins.</p><br>
<p>Linnwood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>MacAlpine, Rebeccas Lot is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It was built by wealthy Baltimore attorney, James Mackubin, for his second wife, Gabriella Peter, a great-great-granddaughter of Martha Washington. She grew up at nearby Linwood, the daughter of Maj. George Washington Parke Custis Peter, who was the second son of Martha Parke Custis Peter of Tudor Place, Georgetown. She attended the famed Patapsco Female Institute and was a leading society member in Maryland. She was a cousin of Robert E. Lees wife and his children spent many summers here after his death. Gabriella was known to be gracious but demanding. She initially lived at nearby Grey Rock but refused to stay there long as her husband had shared that home with his first wife. Her daughters were unable to leave her side during her lifetime, especially after the accidental 1903 death of her youngest son, Parke Custis, rendering them middle-aged spinsters at the time of her death.</p><br>
<p>The Mackubins raised five children here:</p><br>
<p>Ella Mackubin (1870–1956): unmarried</p><br>
<p>George Mackubin (1872–1964): married Maud Tayloe Perrin of Gloucester County, Virginia; He was the founder of McKubin & Company in 1899, now Legg Mason. Had issue: one son; two daughters (twins).</p><br>
<p>Parke Custis Mackubin (1873–1903): unmarried; killed in a logging accident on his farm on Kent Island, Eareckson Farm. Had issue: one son.</p><br>
<p>Emily Boyce Mackubin (1876–1946): unmarried; philanthropist.</p><br>
<p>Mildred Lee Mackubin (1878–1956): married Arthur Gordon (after Gabriella&#39;s death) but no children.</p><br>
<p>The property was sold after the death of Emily Mackubin in 1946 and subsequently subdivided into the present Dunloggin neighborhood. The family is buried at nearby St. John&#39;s Church where they were active members.</p><br>
<p>It is a -story, three-bay by two-bay frame, nineteen room structure clad in novelty siding with corner boards, with a mansard roof covered with wood shingles. When built in 1868, the house had a low hip roof possibly changed to reflect the new mansard style as at her fathers summer home, Linwood. The stone slave quarters were built about 1840 reside several houses south of the MacApline house. The Mackubins owned at least 11 slaves on the property in the years prior to the civil war Mrs Mackubin&#39;s cousin was the daughter of General Robert E. Lee</p><br>
<p>In 1947, land developer Marcus A Wakefield Jr. purchased the MacApline site subdividing the property for the Dunloggin neighborhood leaving four lots around the MacApline building. In 1974, the property was denied zoning to be converted to an antique store. The house was restored throughout the 1970s and 1980s by resident owners with the surrounding property reduced to less than an acre.</p><br>
<p>MacAlpine was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>White Hall is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It consists of three sections: the east wing, dating from the early 19th century, the center section, and the west wing. In 1890 the house was partially destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1900. Three outbuildings remain on the White Hall property: a small square frame workshop; a smokehouse-privy; and springhouse.</p><br>
<p>White Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Early owners were Caleb Dorsey and his brother Charles Worthington Dorsey (1787-1864), the first County commissioner of the Howard District of Anne Arundel County. Charles Worthington purchased the home in 1828 from Alfred and Ann Dashiel and N.G. Ridgley. with an original building onsite. He built additions to the home in 1857 hiring the architect Nathan G. Starkweather. The home was given to Dorseys daughter and Maryland Governor Thomas Watkins Ligon (1810-1881). Charles Worthington died at the residence on 26 May 1864. Dorseys daughter died at the estate in 1881, followed by Governor Ligon in 1899. The house was passed down throughout the family for well over one hundred years. Cared for and owned by the Ligon and Hains family (Ligon and Hains family wed July 4, 1930). In 1965, Col Thomas Watkins Ligon sold 350 acres of surrounding land, leaving 41.3 surrounding the property. The Hains family kept the estate until the late 1990s when it was sold to the first non-family member. In 1976 a 41.3 acre easement of the property was registered to the Maryland historical Trust.</p><br>
<p>Temora, is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland. It is a T-shaped, two-story and cupola, Tuscan-style Victorian house of stuccoed tongue-and-groove boards. The house was built in 1857 after a design prepared by Nathan G. Starkweather, a little-known but accomplished architect from Oxford, England, who also designed the First Presbyterian Church and Manse at West Madison Street and Park Avenue in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland, with his later more famous assistant - Edmund G. Lind. The house was built for Dr. Arthur Pue Jr. on land given from his grandmother Mary Dorsey Pue of Belmont Estate.</p><br>
<p>Laura Hanna and Mrs John Breckinridge lived in the property afterward. County Councilman and representative William S. Hanna was also raised at Temora</p><br>
<p>A portion of the estate served as a farm with a hay field. In 1980, developer Alan Borg purchased the property, performing a minor restoration. In 1984 Borg held a "Decorator&#39;s Showhouse" event with rooms redecorated for free by various decorators retaining some of the original period materials combined with outside furnishings and materials. In 1985, Borg attempted to convert the house into a 15-room inn and restaurant, but failed to approval for the increased activity on the lot in a residential neighborhood. The land has been subdivided with a LDS Church built in the former pasture.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Montrose is a historic slave plantation located at Clarksville, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It was built in 1844 by Dr. William H. Hardey, prominent physician and secessionist in the American Civil War. One of Dr. Hardey&#39;s six children married John Randall, brother of James Ryder Randall, the author of "Maryland, My Maryland!" The house is basically a five-bay-wide, two-bay-deep, and -story stone structure with two dormers set into the gable roof on its south elevation and wide brick chimneys set into its east and west walls. A shingled -story cottage lies north of Montrose with barns and outbuildings lying northwest of them both.</p><br>
<p>Montrose resides next to Huntington Farms, a house built by his brother John T. Hardey. The farm has been subdivided to 4.2 acres for residential construction, with the gravesite for the family and slaves located between two pipe-stem driveways for the development.</p><br>
<p>Montrose was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Richland Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Clarksville, Howard County, Maryland, United States. The main house is a log and frame house, the earliest section of which is presumed to date from 1719. The main block comprises three sections, with a large addition on the rear added in 1920. It features a one story shed-roofed wrap-around porch supported by 22 Doric order columns. Also on the property are the Overseer&#39;s/Superintendent’s House, Gardener’s Cottage, wagon shed, tractor shed and smokehouse with board-and-batten siding, a bank barn, a stone spring house and “Barrack.”</p><br>
<p>Richland was originally part of "Altogether," a land grant surveyed on May 10, 1719 by Thomas Worthington and his brother-in-law, Henry Ridgely. A small portion of Richland was also part of "Worthingtons Range." Thomas Worthington left 300 acres of Altogether and 63 acres of Worthingtons Range to his daughter, Ariana Worthington Watkins, who was married to Nicholas Watkins, Jr.</p><br>
<p>The current boundaries of Richland were set in 1801. It shares its northeast border with the original boundary of Doughoregan Manor, patented to Charles Carroll the Settler on 7,000 acres and later expanded to 10,000 acres. Doughoregan Manor served as the summer home of his grandson, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence and the only Catholic to do so. Like Richland, Doughoregan remains in the original family today.</p><br>
<p>Gassaway Watkins, born in 1752, was a president of the Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland and, when he died in 1840, he was the last surviving member of the Maryland Old Line (General George Washington reportedly referred to the Maryland Line as the "Old Line" due to the quality and length of their service during the Battle of Long Island.). He was one of the Maryland 400. Colonel Watkins served under General William Smallwood at Long Island and at the Battle of Cowpens, among other engagements. Colonel Watkins was married three times: first to Sarah Jones, who died within a year without issue from the marriage; then, to Ruth Dorsey, with whom he had Gassaway, Bonaparte, Thomas, Turenne, Charlotte and Ann Watkins; and, following Ruth&#39;s death, he married Elenora Bowie Clagett on April 26, 1803, with whom he had Caroline Lyles Watkins (1804-1896), Camsadel Bowie Watkins (1805-1842), Eleanor Clagett Watkins (1807-1868), Amanda Watkins (1809 - ), Elizabeth Louise Watkins (1815 - ), Priscilla Agnes Watkins (1817-1893), Margaret Gassaway Watkins (1819-1896), Albina Charlotte Watkins (1822-1899), William Washington Watkins (1810-1880) and John Sebastian Watkins (1813-1893).</p><br>
<p>Daughter Margaret Gassaway Watkins married Albert Gallatin Warfield. One of their sons and a grandson of Gassaway Watkins, Edwin Warfield, served as the 45th governor of Maryland from 1904 to 1908. He lived at Oakdale Manor in Howard County, which still stands and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>During his lifetime, Gassaway Watkins acquired nearby land, including Hayland Farm (now known as the Walnut Creek housing subdivision) and Walnut Grove (Clarksville, Maryland) (also now a housing subdivision), where he built a manor house that still survives and is listed on the Howard County properties of the Maryland Historical Trust. Gassaway Watkins, Elenora Bowie Clagett Watkins, John Sebastian Watkins and several other family members are buried at Walnut Grove. Howard County historian Ken Short undertook an exhaustive analysis of the history of Walnut Grove.</p><br>
<p>A son of Gassaway Watkins and Elenora Bowie Clagett Watkins, Dr. William Washington Watkins and his wife, Laura Louise Watkins Watkins, ultimately owned Richland Farm. Mrs. Watkins was the daughter of Thomas Jones Watkins (1773-1860), a Baltimore merchant, and Elizabeth Spurrier Watkins (1779-1851). Dr. and Mrs. Watkins were married in Baltimore on May 30, 1837. In 1846, they added a section to the main house at Richland that includes a first floor parlor and second floor bedroom. Their children included Eleanor Elizabeth Watkins (1838-1893); Lewis Jones Watkins (1839–40); Thomas Watkins (1840-1880); Louis Jones Watkins (1843-1888); Amanda Fitzallen Watkins (1845-1917); Dr. William C. Watkins (1846–81); and Laura G. Watkins (1849–52).</p><br>
<p>According to his obituary in the Baltimore Sun on June 2, 1880, Dr. Watkins received an appointment to West Point but preferred instead to pursue the medical profession. He attended the University of Maryland and received his medical degree from the Medical College of Philadelphia. In addition to his service as a medical doctor, Dr. Watkins was elected as a representative of the Howard District of Anne Arundel County in the Maryland legislature. In 1838, Dr. Watkins proposed the "Howard District" of Anne Arundel County, which became Howard County, Maryland in 1851. He was elected as the first state senator from Howard County thereafter. Beginning in 1845, Dr. Watkins also served as a judge of the Orphan&#39;s Court in the Howard District of Anne Arundel County. He ran for the USA Congress but was defeated by Thomas Fielder Bowie. Following his departure from the Maryland senate, Dr. Watkins served as a director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, and he was elected as the Clerk of the Howard County Circuit Court, a post to which a son, Louis J. Watkins, was later appointed. For a period, Louis J. Watkins and his half brother, J. Harwood Watkins, owned the Ellicott City Times.</p><br>
<p>Laura Watkinss brother, Thomas Jr., married Dr. Watkinss sister, Amanda, on February 16, 1835. Thomas died of pneumonia at Richland on January 10, 1874.</p><br>
<p>Laura Louise Watkins died in 1850, and Dr. Watkins subsequently married Margaret Eleanor Harwood. They had two children: Joseph Harwood Watkins (1853-1887) and Sophia Watkins (1855-1870).</p><br>
<p>Dr. Watkins retired to Richland in 1873, where he died on May 31, 1880. An obituary at the time of his death that appears in the Watkins family Bible (newspaper unknown) describes Dr. Watkins: "But in his retirement at Richland the people of his county fully realized was still of them and among them. His house continued the abode of the most liberal and unostentatious hospitality, where gathered a large circle of relatives and friends. To all was extended the warm and hearty welcome that bespoke the man." Another obituary observed: "Dr. Watkins was possessed of rare social qualities, and had the pleasant manners of the old school. His hospitality was boundless, and his home was the favorite resort of the gentlemen of influence and standing throughout the county. Socially, he was sought and enjoyed not only by the old, but the young as well."</p><br>
<p>The last slave owner at Richland, Dr. Watkins was discussed extensively in the manuscript of Oliver Cromwell Gilbert, which is in the family papers of his great great granddaughter, Stephanie Gilbert. Oliver, a house slave at Walnut Grove, was the son of Cynthia Snowden, the enslaved cook at Walnut Grove, and Joseph Kelly, a free black man from Owingsville, Maryland. His grandmother, Rachel, who was the mother of Cynthia Snowden, "had charge of Richland," where many of Gassaway Watkinss slaves lived. (Indeed, Gassaway Watkinss will refers to Richland as the "Quarters Place".) Olivers manuscript indicates that Rachel died at Richland. When Gassaway Watkins died, Oliver was first placed with Margaret Watkins Warfield, one of Gassaways daughters, and then with Dr. Watkins, where he was a house slave. Dr. Watkinss daughter, Eleanor Elizabeth, asked him to accompany her to a nearby Methodist camp meeting in August 1848. He sought and obtained permission to stay at the meeting despite the hesitations of Dr. Watkins. During a break for the white attendees at about 6 pm, the blacks in attendance were told that they could take the seats formerly occupied by their white masters and mistresses. When the white attendees returned for the evening service, Oliver, then about 16 years old, escaped with fourteen other enslaved men. Dr. Watkins and William Clark, his brother-in-law and then owner of Hayland Farm next to Richland, ran an advertisement for the return of Oliver and two others in the Baltimore Sun on August 22, 1848. After Olivers escape, he changed his name to Oliver Cromwell Kelly. His manuscript, in turn, was the basis for a lengthy piece in the summer 2011 edition of the Maryland Historical Magazine by Jody R. Fernald, "In Slavery and Freedom: Oliver C. Gilbert and Edwin Warfield, Sr." Separately, his life and escape are retold in "Oliver Cromwell Gilbert: A Life," published in 2014 by Jody Fernald and Stephanie Gilbert, Olivers great great granddaughter, as part of the University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository, Paper 75.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Jones Watkins and his wife, Elizabeth Spurrier Watkins; Dr. William W. Watkins and his wives, Laura Louise and Margaret Harwood Watkins; and Thomas Watkins, Jr. are buried in Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland (Area P, Lot 36).</p><br>
<p>Joshua Worthington Dorsey, whose wife was Eleanor Watkins Dorsey, a daughter of Dr. Watkins who grew up at Richland, next owned Richland Farm. He was the son of Rinaldo Warfield Dorsey (1812-1850) and Achsah Ann Worthington (1814-1839). A confederate soldier in the Civil War, he owned numerous tracts of Howard County farmland and also owned a large farm supply and hardware business in Ellicott City, Maryland. A directory from the Ellicott City Times describes Mr. Dorsey as a "Dealer in Coal and Fertilizers of all kinds; Horses and Vehicles of all kinds to hire, and Horses taken at Livery." He was one of the organizers and a director of the Patapsco National Bank and was a member of St. Peters Protestant Episcopal Church in Ellicott City. He added many improvements at Richland, including the bank barn; corn crib; a barrack barn; an addition to the Overseers House for the tenant farmer; and a cistern in the attic of the original log section of the main house that collected rain water for use in the house.</p><br>
<p>Joshua and Eleanor Watkins Dorsey had numerous children: Margaret Warfield Dorsey (1864-1921); William Watkins Dorsey (1865-66); Joshua Worthington Dorsey, Junior (1866-1923); Laura Watkins Dorsey (1868–72); William Rinaldo Dorsey (1869-1935); Sophia Harwood Dorsey (1871–73); Samuel Henry Dorsey (1872–73); John Malcolm Dorsey (1873-1919); Eleanor "Nell" Bowie Dorsey (1875-1954); Benjamin Henry Dorsey (1877-1962); and Achsah Maria Dorsey (1879-1961). After Eleanor Watkins Dorsey died in 1893, Joshua Worthington Dorsey married Katherine "Kate" Cooke Worthington (1855-1934) in 1898.</p><br>
<p>When Joshua Worthington Dorsey died in 1918, one of his daughters, Achsah Maria Dorsey Serpell, and a son, Joshua Worthington Dorsey, Jr., bought out the interests of their siblings in Richland. They hired prominent Baltimore architect Bayard Turnbull (1879-1954) to renovate and expand the main house over the period from 1919 to 1920.</p><br>
<p>Thereafter, Richland served as the venue for many summer family gatherings and parties for the Washington, D.C., "navy crowd" hosted by Achsah Dorsey Serpells brother, Rear Adm. Benjamin Henry Dorsey and his wife, Theda Fulton Dorsey (1887-1983). A July 16, 1939 article from the Washington Times Herald describes Richland as the scene of a party for several hundred guests consisting of "ranking high officers of the Navy and many from the younger circles in Washington society... ". According to the article, "several hundred guests were received on the rich green lawn, where tables were laid for tea, and indoors a section of the Navy Band Orchestra played for dancing." An article in the Washington Post lauded Admiral and Mrs. Dorseys daughter, Achsah Bowie Dorsey (1921-2001): "During the entire party the debutante was the chief center of attention.... had chosen a bouffant frock of white net that contrasted nicely with her dark hair and set off her creamy complexion."</p><br>
<p>In June 1953, Achsah Dorsey Serpell deeded Richland to Achsah Bowie Dorsey Smith, her niece, namesake and daughter of Admiral and Mrs. Dorsey. A 1939 cum laude graduate of the Holton-Arms School, she was a society reporter for the Washington Post and Washington Times Herald, in which she ran a daily column about the social scene in the nation&#39;s capital, "Ask Achsah."</p><br>
<p>Richland Farm passed to Achsah Dorsey Smith&#39;s goddaughter and niece, a granddaughter of Admiral and Mrs. Dorsey, in 2005. It thus remains in the same family after nearly 300 years and eight generations.</p><br>
<p>Richland Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Roberts Inn, is a historic home and farm located at Cooksville, Howard County, Maryland. The complex consists of a -story stuccoed stone house with a reconstructed log wing built about 1808, and several 19th- to early-20th-century agricultural outbuildings, including a frame bank barn, a frame ground barn, a tile dairy, and a frame silo. The construction of the house coincided with the extension of the National Pike through the Cooksville area. Documentary and architectural evidence supports its use as a turnpike tavern from an early date. Tradition holds that Marquis de Lafayette breakfasted at Roberts Inn during his 1824 tour of America.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It is located off of Route 144 next to the Dunkin Donuts off the intersection of Route 144 and Route 97.</p><br>
<p>Troy, also known as Troy Hill Farm, is a historic slave plantation home located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is associated with the prominent Dorsey family of Howard County, who also built Dorsey Hall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lands of "Troy" were surveyed by Hon. John Dorsey in 1694, where he moved in 1696 with 2 slaves. The property stayed in the family though his great-grandson Col. Thomas Dorsey (-1790) of the American Revolution whose estate sold it in 1808. Troy was inherited by Basil Dorsey in 1714, followed by Caleb Dorsey who reduced the land to 1,016 acre which was split into two unequal parts in 1760 and given to Sarah Dorsey and Thomas Dorsey. Thomas Dorsey would use the root cellar as a meeting place with Benjamin Warfield of Cherry Grove during the revolutionary war. Thomas&#39;s widow Elizabeth split Troy several times to pay debts. Vincent Bailey acquired 652 acre including Troy for $6,520. A stone house named "Troy Hill" was built about 1808 on the foundation of an earlier Dorsey house by Vincent Baily and is representative of the late Georgian style in Maryland architecture. The -story fieldstone house is three bays wide and two deep. Outbuildings included a stone barn, smokehouse and dairy. Situated on a hill, the fieldstone basement is unusually large with four rooms.</p><br>
<p>An 1830 fire destroyed the original wood paneling. In 1880, the house was modified with cottage styling. In 1942, the house was modified again into a "Colonial Revival" style. Further modification occurred by owner Pedro De Valle. Donald Doll was the last resident before the state purchased the property on 16 December 1958 to destroy it to make way for the I-95 project. The house was left in a state of purposeful neglect until Howard County purchased the stripped house and 52 surrounding acres in September 1971 for $67,500. In 1978, Howard County proposed to build an interpretative gardening center at the house. In 1989, the state offered a $350,000 matching grant for renovation, but a spring 1991 fire gutted the building before it was spent.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>Most of the surrounding Troy Hill farm has been converted into office parks or highway with the exception of one large area of wooded parkland surrounding the unrestored Troy House. In 2012, County Executive Ken Ulman proposed converting the remainder of the Troy Hill estate and wooded parkland into a Tennis Center. After costs escalated, the plans were changed to clear-cut most the wooded parkland around the historic structure to implement revenue-generating ball fields and soccer fields for the parks system, allowing the Troy house to stand in the parking lot as a possible meeting house or restaurant.</p><br>
<p>Troy was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 2015, the group Preservation Howard County placed the house on its top 10 most endangered list.</p><br>
<p>Waverly, or Waverley, is a historic home located at Marriottsville in Howard County, Maryland, USA. It was built between 1756 and 1800 by different accounts. It is a -story stone house, covered with stucco, with extensions completed about 1900. Also on the property are a small -story stone dwelling, a supposed combination storehouse and slave jail, a 2-story frame-and-stone corn crib, and the ruins of a log slave quarter. A newspaper account claimed as many as 999 slaves worked on the plantation at one time. It was a property developed on land first patented by Charles Carroll of Carrollton and later part of the 1703 survey "Ranter&#39;s Ridge" owned by Thomas Browne. The land was resurveyed in 1726 as "The Mistake". Nathan Browne inherited half of the land in 1756. It was purchased by John Dorsey and willed to Nathan and Sophia Dorsey as the next owners by 1760.</p><br>
<p>Colonel John Eager Howard, Governor of Maryland from 1788 to 1791, bought 650 acres and later added more land to "the Mistake" totaling 1,313 acres. He is said to have given the property to his son, George Howard (who served as Governor of Maryland from 1831 to 1833) as a wedding present in 1811, and deeded it to him in November, 1822 where he hosted events such as partridge hunts. The slave plantation was renamed Waverly, (without the e) after the 1814 novel, Waverley by Walter Scott. There is a tombstone onsite for George Howard&#39;s son John Eager Howard named after his grandfather dated 1838. The stone was placed against the house, leaving the grave site unmarked and unidentified on the property.</p><br>
<p>In 1854 297.5 acres of the Waverley estate patented as "Delaware Bottom" were sold by William Howard. He described the land containing for a lime quarry, and lime kiln as heavily timbered without improvements and suitable for wheat and corn. During this time, the nearby Roland Maxwell house was used as a slave quarters for Waverley. Another stacked slate building ruins stands behind an office park next to a pond at 10275 Birmingham Way. Noted with little background in county records simply as the Alexander Hassan ruins after the last property purchaser, the building was part of the 600 acre property when Judick owned the farm, and kept in good condition until Hassan&#39;s ownership.</p><br>
<p>Other owners included Peoples Bank of Baltimore director Joeseph H. Judick who bought the mansion and 300 acres on 23 November 1858 for $15,462.28 adding surrounding parcels totaling 600 acres. It was sold to the Brosennes family on Judick&#39;s death until 1964. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The property was purchased by Larry Realty in 1964, and left vacant. Hassan-Glickfield and Larry Reality teamed together to propose the site to become the next Howard County landfill. When Alpha Ridge was selected instead, the site was subdivided from 279 acres down to 25.2 acres, then to 9.8 acres and again to 3.4 acres which were donated in 1975 to the Society for the Preservation of Maryland Antiques. In 1976 The State of Maryland funded $150,000 followed by $150,000 in federal matching money in 1978 for a restoration. Restoration started in June 1979 with a new roof and modern kitchen installation. In 1981 The Maryland Historical trust donated $32,000 to complete the restoration, using Columbia landscape architect Robert Shaw. Historic Waverly, Inc. was formed in 1985 to operate the facility for meetings and receptions. In 1988 Howard County conducted paid Golf Resources Associates to review land for golf course installations. The consultant recommended Larry Realty property with expansion to the east for a low cost facility. The Estate property was sold to Howard County in 1989 for $450,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, 682 acres of the original estate was developed as Waverly Woods. A 932 home development by Donald R Reuwer Jr&#39;s company Land Design and Development. He was quoted in the Baltimore Sun at the onset, "If we were pure, greedy developers, the simplest thing for us to do would be to forget the Planned Employment Center and do it as residential. But that would blow the only water-sewer commercial site in the Frederick-Baltimore corridor -- 6,500 (potential) jobs." In 1993, the zoning board later removed 41 percent of the commercial space requirements for the project. The same year planning director Joeseph Rutter extends public water and sewer to the area to confront groundwater contamination at Alpha Ridge Landfill promising the effort was for public safety only, and building density would not increase. In 1999 the land adjacent to the Mansion was slated to build an Exxon gas station, which was cancelled. Later in 2002, a section of the commercial zoned land adjoining Alpha Ridge Landfill was offered for sale to the Howard County Public School System to build Marriotts Ridge High School, which was declined. Former planning and zoning director Joe Rutter joined Land Design and Development, winning approval from his former deputy in 2012 to convert Planned Employment Centers into denser age restricted housing units.</p><br>
<p>The Howard County Public School System named Waverly Elementary School after the plantation.</p><br>
<p>The Palmer Park Boulevard Apartments District is a collection of three apartment buildings located at 1981, 2003 and 2025 West McNichols Road in Highland Park, Michigan. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, the architect Richard H. Marr entered into a partnership with businessman R.B. Oberteuffer (under the name The Fairway Company) to design and build an upscale apartment building at the corner of what was then known as Palmer Park Boulevard and Twelfth Street (now McNichols and Rosa Parks). The development was in response to the growth of the area due to the nearness of both Palmer Park and the Detroit Golf Club. Marr and Oberteuffer built the Fairway in 1923. Soon after, the Young Construction Company hired Marr to design four more apartment buildings along Palmer Park Boulevard: The Southcourse, built in 1924, and the Douglas, Northcourse, and Georgian Apartments, all constructed in 1925. When finished, the five apartment buildings formed a symmetric grouping, with the end buildings essentially alike in design.</p><br>
<p>The first occupants of the apartments tended to be professionals, small business owners, and executives of larger firms. Because of the location, these buildings became some of the most exclusive addresses in Highland Park. However, the two easternmost buildings, the Fairway and the Douglas, suffered severe fire damage and were demolished in the 1990s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The three remaining apartment buildings sit adjacent to each other, and in addition to the architectural similarity, all share a uniform height, setback, and general plan.</p><br>
<h3>Georgian Apartments</h3><br>
<p>The Georgian Apartments, located at 1981 W. McNichols, was once the center building in the five-building array of apartments. It is a symmetrical, three-story E-plan Georgian Revival structure, and is both larger and differently shaped than the other four original apartment buildings. The building is faced with red brick with limestone trim, and the entire building is topped with a dentil cornice. A retaining wall in the front of the building connects the top and bottom arms of the E, and forms a raised entrance courtyard. Three entrances lead off this court: one in the center leg of the E and one on the inside of each arm.</p><br>
<p>The front facades of each arm consist of three bays, the central one slightly projecting and crowned with a pediment. Windows on the first floor are inset into arches; those on the upper floors have flat tops. The central arm facade holds the most prominent entrance, with rusticated stone on the first floor and a stone pavilion with a deeply recessed doorway.</p><br>
<p>When built, the Georgian offered well-equipped apartments with a large living room, fully equipped kitchen with butlers pantry, three bedrooms, two baths, and a maids bedroom with bath. There were five apartments per floor, each of approximately 2750 square feet.</p><br>
<h3>Southcourse Apartments</h3><br>
<p>The Southcourse Apartments, located at 2003 W. McNichols, is a C-shaped building built of tan and brown brick with limestone trim. A raised entrance court between the arms of the C leads to two entryways in the inside arms of the C. Each entrance is through a paneled door set within a limestone arch. The two facades of the ends of the C have central semicircular flat-roofed bays stretching the height of the building. On the first floor, windows flanking the bays on are set behind stone balconies. Paired arched windows are on the third floor.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the entryways lead to tiled vestibules, which lead to stairways. Each stair services two apartments per floor, for four on each floor. The apartments are large three bedroom two-bath units of about 2000 square feet.</p><br>
<h3>Northcourse Apartments</h3><br>
<p>The Northcourse Apartments, located at 2025 W. McNichols, is also a C-shaped building built of tan and brown brick with limestone trim, with a similar raised entry court with two entryways. The two facades of the ends of the C have central semicircular bays with tile roofs stretching the height of the building. On each floor, French doors flanking the bays on are set behind stone balconies.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the entryways lead to marble-lined vestibules, which lead to stairways. Each stair services three apartments per floor, for six on each floor. The apartments per floor are larger two-bedroom units of about 2000 square feet, and the remaining four are single-bedroom units of about 1200 square feet.</p><br>
<p>The Mandalagan volcano is located at latitude 10.65° North , longitude 123.25° East , in the province of Negros Occidental, on the north of the island of Negros of the Philippines.</p><br>
<p>Mandalagan is a solfataric, fumarolic, potentially active stratovolcano.</p><br>
<h2>Physical Features</h2><br>
<p>Elevation is 1885 metres (6,184 feet), with a base diameter of 26 kilometres.</p><br>
<p>Mandalagan is a deeply dissected complex volcano, with a highly altered volcanic dome.</p><br>
<p>Volcanic activity is reported to include seven volcanic centres, at least five craters and/or calderas up to 2 klms in diameter, and a vigorous solfataric area at the highly altered volcanic dome structure.</p><br>
<p>One solfataric area emits a high-temperature (106 degrees C) plume to 30 m height with a roaring noise like a high-pressure geothermal borehole.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The Smithsonian listing has a satellite photograph of the general area.</p><br>
<h2>Geological Features</h2><br>
<p>Mandalagan is part of the Negros Volcanic Belt.</p><br>
<p>Rock type is principally andesitic with some dacitic</p><br>
<p>A Crater located near the center called "Tinagong Dagat", where hiking tourists stay</p><br>
<h2>Eruption</h2><br>
<p>The most recent eruption produced a thin basaltic lava flow, but it is not known when this is likely to have occurred.</p><br>
<h2>Listings</h2><br>
<p>Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) lists Mandalagan as potentially active.</p><br>
<p>The Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program lists Mandalagan as fumarolic.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan State Fair Riding Coliseum, Dairy Cattle Building, and Agricultural Building are three buildings located on the grounds of the Michigan State Fair in Detroit, Michigan. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Michigan State Fair, first held in 1849, was the nation&#39;s first state fair. It was held in various locations throughout Michigan until 1904, when Joseph L. Hudson formed the State Fair Land Company, acquired 135 acres of land at this site, and deeded it to the Michigan Agricultural Society. The 1905 Michigan State Fair was held on this site. In 1921, the Michigan Agricultural Society turned the land and the operation of the fair over to the state of Michigan.</p><br>
<p>The Riding Coliseum, Dairy Cattle Building, and Agricultural Building were likely designed by the same architect, Lynn W. Fry of the State Building Department. The three buildings were constructed in two year intervals in 1922, 1924, and 1926.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan State Fair was held on this site until 2008. It was not held the following two years, and then moved to another location. On April 9, 2012, Governor Rick Snyder signed Senate Bill 515 and House Bill 4803, which would authorize the transfer of the fairgrounds land to the Land Bank Fast Track Authority, which would oversee the land for future development, including plans for a station for the proposed commuter rail service. As of 2016, plans are underway for redevelopment of the entire site, including these buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dairy Cattle Building, the Coliseum, and the Agricultural Building are located near each other together in the center of the State Fairgrounds. All three are similar in appearance, being Neo-Classical Revival, white stuccoed buildings sitting on high red brick foundations. They are fine examples of the Classically inspired exhibition architecture popularized by the World Fair exhibitions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.</p><br>
<h3>Agricultural Building</h3><br>
<p>The Agriculture Building, built in 1926, is a long one-story structure with a tall curved roof, the gable end of which is concealed behind a stuccoed parapet on the front facade. It has two entrances, one each on the front and side, which are sheltered by projecting arcades with a denticulated cornice. The walls are separated into shallow panels. The interior houses only a single large utilitarian space.</p><br>
<h3>Riding Coliseum</h3><br>
<p>The Coliseum, constructed in 1922, is similar in general design to the Agricultural Building, with paneled stucco walls, projecting arcades, and a denticulated cornice. The building footprint is 420 feet by 225 feet, and it contains a 264 feet by 124 feet riding arena encurcled with a seating area. The Coliseum is constructed with an unusual "rain-bo" steel truss roof, which is one of the largest trussed structures in the Detroit area.</p><br>
<h3>Dairy Cattle Building</h3><br>
<p>The Dairy Cattle Building, built in 1924, is constructed as a rear extension to the Coliseum, and is similar to the other two buildings. It is a monitor-roofed, basilican-plan building with a modern brick-and-steel entrance constructed in the 1950s on one side.</p><br>
<p>Like the Agricultural Building, the interior consists only of a single large space.</p><br>
<p>The Union Chapel, now known as St. Andrew&#39;s Episcopal Church, is a historic church located near Glenwood, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is a rectangular two-story building of stuccoed stone construction painted pastel yellow completed in 1833 for $1,459. To the rear of the chapel is the attractively landscaped non-sectarian Oak Grove Cemetery. Charles Dorsey Warfield, a member of the prominent Warfield family that settled this region, deeded the property to the residents of the area for non-denominational church and community use. The building was constructed for $5,040 In 1886, it became part of the Methodist church circuit.</p><br>
<p>Union Chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Christ Church Guilford, historically known as the "Old Brick Church," is an historic Episcopal church located at Guilford, now part of Columbia, in Howard County, Maryland. The small Georgian church was completed in 1809. It was constructed of handmade brick laid in English garden wall brick bond with unmarked joints.</p><br>
<p>The original church was established in 1727 as Queen Caroline Parish Church. Trinity Church (Elkridge, Maryland), grew out of Christ Church. The structure replaced a ca1711 frame building and is the second church building to be built on the 2 acre plot deeded to the parish in 1738 by Caleb Dorsey. It is the oldest church building still in use in Howard County.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The brick church has a steep gabled roof and is laid in English garden wall brick bond. The structure, two bays wide and three bays deep, faces east with twin entrance doors in the north and south bays. Each bay is rectangular, surmounted by a Federal-style transom and reached by two stone steps. The nave windows are rectangular, holding twelve-over-twelve lites and, decorated with splayed brick flat arched lintels. The interior contains a gallery which extends around three sides of the church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Christ Church was funded by a parishioner poll tax on tobacco at Elkridge Landing, paying church and sheriff expenses. During the early 1800s the Episcopal Church in Maryland grew very slowly. The American Revolutionary War created tremendous conflicts within the Episcopal Church in the colonies. The clergy, who had been ordained in England, had taken an oath of allegiance to the king. This conflicted with their Oath of Fidelity required by the local assembly. Some clergy returned to England and others simply stopped preaching. After the end of the Revolutionary War the Church of England, the Episcopal Church’s parent church, was disestablished as the state religion. Having lost its official government support, the church was low on funds, and few new churches were built.</p><br>
<p>In 1789, Anglican congregations in nine states adopted The Protestant Episcopal Church as their name and was formally separated from the Church of England. The American Episcopal church was incorporated as “the first Anglican Province outside the British Isles.” Churches that were built during the period of time after the founding of the American church were usually of an economical design. In 1809, the Christ Church was one of the first Episcopal churches constructed in the state after the Revolution. The only architecturally sophisticated feature is the three-part window over the entrances. In the interior, the paneled gallery is a simple and direct interpretation of much larger churches built during the 18th century in major Episcopal cities like Philadelphia and London.</p><br>
<h2>Pastors</h2><br>
<p>The Reverend James MacGill was chosen in 1730 as Christ Church&#39;s first full-time rector. MacGill was a native of Perth, Scotland who served in the church for 50 years., living in nearby Athol Manor. The Rev Thomas John Claggett was rector from 1781-1782; he became the first Bishop of Maryland in 1792, and was the first Episcopal bishop consecrated in America. In 1830 Rev Billop was appointed rector.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Church or Trinity on the Pike  is a historic Episcopal church located at modern Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland. The post road site was also known as Waterloo, Pierceland, Jessop and Jessup throughout the years.</p><br>
<p>It was built starting in July 30, 1856 though 1857 as a chapel-of-ease in Queen Caroline Parish, the mother church of which was, and still is, Christ Church Guilford, near Columbia, Maryland. The church land was donated from William G. Ridgley and Dr. Lennox Birckhead, a Catonsville doctor who served in the Battle of Fort McHenry. The land was once part of Charles Carroll of Carrolltons land that comprised Spurriers Tavern. Theodore Tubman and Myers Pearce (of Pierceland) deeded the cemetery to the north of the church as "Chapel hill".</p><br>
<p>The first rector of Trinity Chapel, Alexander X. Berger served in 1857. Columbia&#39;s Berger road development is named after him. Berger resigned in 1861 at the outbreak of the civil war. In 1866, Trinity Chapel broke away from Christ Church Guilford, becoming Trinity Church.</p><br>
<p>The church structure is a rectangular frame church of three bays with shingled walls and on the east end, a semi-octagonal apse of stone. Major additions to the original structure took place ca. 1890.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Daniels Mill is a historic mill complex located at Daniels, Howard County, Maryland, in a sheltered, wooded valley of the upper Patapsco River. The complex consists of seven early industrial structures, several concrete block and brick structures of 20th century date, and Gary Memorial United Methodist Church, a granite church built in the High Victorian Gothic style with an off-center tower entrance on the west gable. South of the church is a small cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, an industrial village existed on the site, including stores, a railroad station, a school and several mill workers&#39; houses. The large majority of these supportive structures were demolished in the 1960s. The Elysville Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1829, by Thomas Ely, to manufacture cotton textiles. The mill was erected between August 1845 and spring 1846. It was acquired by the Oskiska Manufacturing Company which went bankrupt, then by the Alberton Manufacturing Company in 1853, and the mill village was called Alberton at least through the 1870s. The mill was then acquired in the 1860s by James S. Gary, who created still another firm which operated the mill until the 1940s, when the C.R. Daniels Company took control.</p><br>
<p>C.R. Daniels was a New York-based company founded in 1918 that manufactured sail cloth material. The company purchased the 500-acre Daniels mill and 118 houses in 1940 for $65,000, doubling its size by 1950, and eventually over 300,000 sq ft. The company produced a wide variety of canvas products and canvas covers with over 200 sewing machines to assemble patterns. Later specialties included fiberglass components and conveyor belts. In 1965, the mill phased out company housing, tearing down the historic buildings and churches. In 1972, flooding from Hurricane Agnes damaged or destroyed the majority of the buildings and mill site. In 1977 a fire destroyed the remainder of the mill.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Jacob Zimmerman House was the home of Jacob and Lena Zimmerman, German American settlers who came west over the Oregon Trail in 1851 to what became Multnomah County in the USA state of Oregon. Built in 1874, the house was part of a 600 acre dairy farm. Members of the Zimmerman family lived on the farm from 1870 through 1992. The house and 1.58 acre were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. In 1994, the city of Gresham began land acquisition and planning for a 5.98 acre public park, Zimmerman Heritage Farm, with the house as its centerpiece.</p><br>
<p>The city, which owns the land, and the Fairview-Rockwood-Wilkes Historical Society (FRWHS), which owns the house, manage the Zimmerman Heritage Farm through a partnership.</p><br>
<p>The Zimmermans were among the five founding families of Fairview. They arrived in the Willamette Valley in 1851 and settled on Hayden Island in the Columbia River. After floods destroyed their first crops, they re-located to a 320 acre donation land claim about 10 mi east of Portland. In late 1869, Jacob Zimmerman bought another donation land claim and moved into a log cabin on this site until building the original house in 1874. The Zimmermans&#39; son, George, enlarged the farm to 660 acre on which he ran a successful dairy business that continued under several relatives and lessees into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Ponchartrain Apartments was an apartment building located at 1350 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was also known as the Renaissance Apartments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, but subsequently demolished.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ponchartrain Apartment building was a four-story red brick structure sitting atop a limestone foundation. Window sills, coping, and a belt course between the first and second stories were also constructed of limestone. The entrance sat in an arched opening flanked by ornamental pilasters supporting the lintel. Swags and urns decorate the entablature, and urns also grace the stone relief panels beneath the end windows.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ponchartrain Apartments were built in 1920 at a cost of $195,000. The building went through a succession of owners, and was renamed the Monticello Apartment Hotel in 1926, the Shorecrest Apartments in 1949, and the Renaissance Apartments in 1981. The building has been demolished.</p><br>
<p>Magouliana  is a mountain village and a community in the municipal unit of Vytina, Arcadia, Greece. In 2011, it had a population of 117 for the village and 119 for the community, which includes the small village Pan. It sits at 1,365 m above sea level, under the ruined Argyrokastro Castle. Magouliana is 3 km southwest of Lasta, 5 km west of Vytina and 12 km northeast of Dimitsana. It is considered a traditional settlement.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>Geography and history</h2><br>
<p>According to several sources, the village was founded between 1530 and 1600 by inhabitants of five settlements, Agios Athanasios (Kastro), Agios Konstantinos (Leivadi), Agios Ioannis (Kampeas), Petrovouni and Megisti or Katsipodas, fleeing from raiding Lalaioi Turks. According to Max Vasmer, the name might derive from the Slavic word Mogyljane ("hill people"). The word is also related to the modern Greek μαγούλα (magoula, of Slavic or Albanian origin) which means hill or small mound. It was renamed to Argyrokastro in 1927, but it was renamed back to Magouliana in 1929.</p><br>
<h2>People</h2><br>
<p>Fotios Chrysanthopoulos (Fotakos), first councillor for Theodoros Kolokotronis</p><br>
<p>Ilias Mariolopoulos, nature meteorologist at the University of Athens</p><br>
<p>Konstantinos Gontikas, politician, minister</p><br>
<p>Dimitrios Gontikas, politician, president of the parliament</p><br>
<p>Andrew Jarvis, Greek-American politician</p><br>
<p>Georgios Kanellopoulos, Supreme Court magistrate</p><br>
<p>La Marche is a cave and archaeological site located in Lussac-les-Châteaux, a commune in the department of Vienne, western France. It is an archaeological site that has engendered much debate that has not been resolved to date. The carved etchings discovered there in 1937 show detailed depictions of humans and animals that may be 15,000 years old. The cave paintings at this site, however, are controversial and many doubt their authenticity.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The La Marche cave is located in the Lussac-les-Châteaux area of western France. It is at the bottom of a small valley bordered by the Petit Moulin river. It most likely is the result of the underground tunneling of the river. Of the 350 known sites of European cave art from the Ice Age, almost half are located in this country. In addition to La Marche, several other important cave sites from the Paleolithic period have been discovered in France including those at Lascaux, Niaux, Trois Frères, Font-de-Gaume and Les Combarelles, Chauvet, Cosquer, Cussac, and Rouffignac.</p><br>
<p>The artwork found in La Marche is specifically from the middle Magdalenian period, dating to approximately 14,000 or 15,000 years before the current era (BCE). Factors that made La Marche an ideal archaeological site for artwork include its usefulness as a shelter to prehistoric humans, the cultural preferences of these early people, and its relatively good preservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The La Marche cave paintings were discovered in the caves in the Lussac-les-Châteaux area of France by Léon Péricard in November 1937. Péricard, and his partner Stephane Lwoff, studied these caves for five years and found etchings on more than 1,500 slabs. In 1938, they presented their discovery to the French Prehistoric Society, and published them in the Society&#39;s Bulletin. Many people questioned the validity of these findings, however, stating that they made that judgment because the paintings closely resembled modern art.</p><br>
<p>Unfortunately, in the lectures that Lwoff gave about the caves, he gave his audience false information, thus discrediting the findings of the team significantly. The initial effect was that the caves failed to be considered as important discoveries.</p><br>
<p>The caves were studied again in 1938 and 1939 by a French priest, Henri Breuil. Breuil’s results were similar to Péricard’s findings, and therefore, more people began to believe in the authenticity of the paintings. After this, however, La Marche was not studied until recently.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, Péricard’s findings were reevaluated by Dr. Michael Rappenglueck of Munich University. He believes that Péricard’s findings are valid and has initiated a more thorough study of the caves. He also states that a large portion of the paintings were lost during Péricard&#39;s excavations: in his attempt to examine the walls, Péricard completely ignored the cave floors that possibly displayed even more paintings and etchings than the walls, destroying many of these in the process. Dr. Rappenglueck suggests that a detailed study of the cave floors may bring to light pieces of the puzzle advancing the credibility of Péricard’s original discovery.</p><br>
<h2>Finds at La Marche</h2><br>
<p>When French scientist Léon Péricard excavated La Marche between 1937 and 1942, he catalogued more than 1,500 slabs of limestone that had been placed carefully on the floor.</p><br>
<p>In the past two decades an extensive inventory of the cave has been taken. 1,512 pieces have been found and numbered, 386 of which were deemed as compositional entities. The content of these etchings include animals, such as lions and bears, along with 155 depictions of humans, clad in robes and boots, each with their own well-defined faces.</p><br>
<h3>Style</h3><br>
<p>The intricate portraits found in La Marche do not resemble the stick figure style that commonly had been found before that time in prehistoric cave paintings. Instead, these portraits are more lifelike and realistic. The engravings also are more complex and present in higher qualities than at other sites. Many of the figures are superimposed over one another with a single figure cut out multiple times. This style made the engravings hard to isolate and decipher when they were first discovered in 1937 and also added to the doubt of the site’s authenticity.</p><br>
<h3>Humans</h3><br>
<p>Péricard originally found 69 human figurines in the caves. There were 49 etchings of heads alone and 18 with the whole body. All together, there were 50 etchings of females, 12 of males, and 5 that were of indeterminate gender. Eventually, 155 human figurines were found.</p><br>
<h4>Heads</h4><br>
<p>When studying the heads and faces of the human etchings, Péricard took detailed observations of the eyes, ears, and nose. He also studied skull structure, such as the shape of the chin and cheekbones. He noticed that there were different types of facial features for each etching. This shows that the etchings were differentiated for different people. A person was identified by certain facial characteristics and this was mirrored by the etching. This differentiation can extend to simply determining the gender of the subject. By combining different facial features, scientists often are able to determine the gender of a figure by its face alone because of gender differences in structures.</p><br>
<h4>Bodies</h4><br>
<p>The etchings of the bodies in La Marche have distinct characteristics as well. Generally, the etchings are those of women. The bodies of the women were constructed in a diamond shape, with a small head, large abdomens suggesting obesity, and small feet. Men also were etched with large bodies, although this was not so prominent in the men as it was in the women. Bodies also are extremely useful in determining the gender of an etching, in that they portrayed the secondary sex characteristics. In addition, many of the engravings show people wearing hats, robes, and boots. Although this does not coincide with the previously accepted view of prehistoric people, it may be because paintings depicting clothed humans were destroyed in the other caves while scientists were studying the walls.</p><br>
<h3>Constellations</h3><br>
<p>Additionally, Dr. Michael Rappenglueck has noted pits arranged like certain star constellations on the cave floor. One constellation on La Marche’s floor, the Pleiades, has been found engraved on the walls of Neolithic caves, but rarely on those of the Paleolithic. Dr. Rappenglueck has suggested that these pits might have been filled with animal fat and set on fire to replicate the stars in the sky. If so, Rappenglueck ventures, this site could mark the origin of the candlelit festivals in the Far East that also celebrate the Pleiades.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy</h2><br>
<h3>At the time of discovery</h3><br>
<p>Péricard and Lwoff were the main contributors to the discovery and created the original documents concerning the findings at La Marche. These documents focused mostly the depictions of humans. When the documents were presented before the French Prehistoric Society, they were greeted with skepticism. This especially came from their colleagues in the northern region of France, which was occupied by Germany during that period of World War II.</p><br>
<p>The publication of the discovery in 1941 did not present information that coincided with the original documents created and presented by Lwoff and Péricard. Although certain commentaries by Lwoff and Péricard were meant to open up a discussion about the site’s validity, the reaction was one of skepticism. More doubt was raised due to a number of lectures regarding La Marche given by Lwoff. Lwoffs lectures included incorrect facts. This point may be noted in one of the lectures given by Lwoff in Paris regarding Lhomme de Lussac.</p><br>
<p>At the same time, the French Prehistoric Society supported the findings at La Marche and attested to the authenticity of the paintings even if some of the details were questionable. The official report from the French Prehistoric Society states that the findings at La Marche are completely authentic. This statement was not enough to quell the skepticism of many prehistorians, however.</p><br>
<p>It seems that the skepticism was not disarmed until 1942 at the reception of a letter and report from a priest and archaeologist, Henri Breuil. This priest had been to La Marche and searched it for three weeks, seeing all of the material found from its discovery up until April 1940. Ultimately, his report dispelled much of the doubt and skepticism within the archaeological community.</p><br>
<p>More recently French archaeologist André Leroi-Gourhan analyzed the technique of the etchings. His findings indicate that the drawings are too complicated to come from the era to which they have been dated. He believes that the searches do not yield enough hard evidence to be proven authentic. He compared La Marche to another cave, Angles-sur-L&#39;Anglan, which has provided more detailed proof, whereas La Marche’s information is not as clear-cut.</p><br>
<p>The doubt regarding the engravings has had many consequences on the development of the discovery. Due to the high degree of skepticism, the findings were not exposed immediately at the Museum de Saint Germain. This has allowed for further study and preservation of the artifacts found at La Marche. Upon closer examination, the quality and nature of the etchings are extremely important contributions to the study of cave people.</p><br>
<h3>Further debates</h3><br>
<p>Certain findings at La Marche have led to greater debate over the origin and development of writing systems. In particular, an engraved reindeer antler from La Marche has provided proof that more sophisticated systems of symbols existed during the Paleolithic period than once believed. Francesco d&#39;Errico, an archaeologist who analyzed the antler, sees it as proof that humans at this time had “artificial memory systems,” that enabled them to record various groupings of information.</p><br>
<p>As a result, this discovery has forced anthropologists to reconsider such fundamental concepts as cognitive evolution and the definition of writing. d’Errico argues that cognitive evolution, or the assumption that writing systems naturally became more complex over time, does not apply in the case of the antler, which contains a more advanced recording system than that of the early Neolithic period. Thus, d’Errico does not agree that artifacts such as the reindeer antler may be classified fairly as from the pre-writing period, as they always have been. This recent debate between archaeologists may be seen as even further proof that scientific opinion is increasingly favoring La Marche as an authentic site.</p><br>
<p>Westwood is a historic plantation in Uniontown, Alabama, United States. The main house was built between 1836 and 1850 by James Lewis Price. It is in the Greek Revival style with some Italianate influence. The outbuildings include a smokehouse with architectural detailing identical to the main house, a carriage house, a dairy, and a cook’s quarters. Westwood Plantation was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district on November 21, 1974. Boundary increases were made to the district on March 15, 1984 and December 10, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Lewis Price migrated to Perry County in 1835 from his native Richmond, Virginia. He began building Westwood in 1836, naming it after his grandfather&#39;s Virginia home. His slaves cleared the land and were responsible for the construction of his estate, including the main house. By 1850 Price had finished work on Westwood, now its sprawling plan was complete with projecting corner pavilions and two-story end loggias with recessed cast-iron porches. Westwood currently continues to be owned by Price descendants.</p><br>
<p>Mount Amorong a potentially active volcano, part of the Amorong Volcanic Group, is located at the northern end of the Luzon Central Plain, in Pangasinan province, Region I, on the island of Luzon, in the Philippines.</p><br>
<h2>Physical Features</h2><br>
<p>Amorong is one of a cluster of small lava domes and diatremes. It is the only one which currently exhibits any volcanic-related activities, being fumarolic and solfataric.</p><br>
<h2>Listings</h2><br>
<p>Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) lists Amorong as Inactive.</p><br>
<p>The Smithsonian Institution lists Amorong as Fumarolic.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>Date of the last eruption is unknown but possibly more than 1 million years before present.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Rock type is principally trachyandesite.</p><br>
<p>K-Ar dating of about 1.14 million years was obtained from the Amorong volcanic group.</p><br>
<p>It lies along the Eastern Bataan volcanic lineament of the Philippines.</p><br>
<p>Mount Santo Tomas is a stratovolcano in the Philippines located in the municipality of Tuba in the province of Benguet.</p><br>
<p>Due to its high elevation, several communications and broadcasting companies constructed relay stations at the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Physical features</h2><br>
<p>Mount Santo Tomas is a stratovolcano with numerous volcanic vents and fissures.</p><br>
<h2>Listings</h2><br>
<p>Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) lists Mount Santo Tomas as Inactive.</p><br>
<p>The Global Volcanism Program is uncertain about the last activity of Mount Santo Tomas.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>There was a report of an eruption or "displacement" in the region on January 4, 1641, described as an outburst of water accompanied by an earthquake. January 4, 1641 is the date of the major eruption of Mt Parker volcano in southern Mindanao that impacted much of the Philippines.</p><br>
<p>There have been no reports since.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Rock type is not reported.</p><br>
<p>Mount Santo Tomas is close to the auriferous volcanic placements near Baguio, and beside the fault line which occasioned the July 16, 1990 earthquake devastating much of Luzon, and especially Baguio.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Motor Company Plant was an automotive plant at 6200 West Warren Avenue  in Detroit, Michigan, later known as the Detroit Edison Warren Service Center. The complex was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1978, due to its historic association with World War I Liberty engines and the Lincoln Motor Company. However, the main structures were demolished in 2003 and NHL designation was withdrawn in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Henry Leland's Lincoln</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in 1902, Henry Leland steered Cadillac to become a popular, high quality luxury automobile brand.</p><br>
<p>In 1917, Leland established the Lincoln Motor Company to build Liberty engines for fighter planes using Ford Motor Company-supplied cylinders. Leland immediately purchased a small factory on Detroit&#39;s west side. The company immediately broke ground for a factory complex of over 600,000 ft&sup2, hiring architect George Mason to design the new buildings and the firm of Walbridge-Aldinger to build them. By the end of the war, the plant complex contained the Administration Building and Garage (Building A), the machine shop (Building B), the main Factories (Buildings C and D), a power house, a heat treatment plant, a motor testing building, and other minor structures.</p><br>
<p>In January 1919, after producing 6500 Liberty engines, manufacturing operations were suspended, and the war was soon over. Lincoln considered manufacturing automobile engines for other nameplates in the postwar years, but soon opted to convert to the production of luxury automobiles. However, production delays and the postwar recession of 1920 hurt sales, and the company eventually went into receivership.</p><br>
<h2>Henry Ford's Lincoln</h2><br>
<p>In 1922, Henry Ford purchased the company for $8,000,000, The Lincoln Zephyr and Continental were made in the factory until 1952, when production facilities were moved to Wixom, Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>The Lincoln Plant after automobiles</h2><br>
<p>Ford kept some offices in the plant, and leased out portions to other companies after manufacturing operations were relocated to the new Wixom Assembly Plant. renaming it the Detroit Edison Warren Service Center. The company consolidated many of its services into the facility, but later used it primarily as a storage yard.</p><br>
<p>In recognition of its importance in automotive history, the Lincoln Motor Company Plant was designated a National Historic Landmark on June 2, 1978. However, nearly all of the plant buildings were demolished in December 2002 and January 2003, including the main Buildings A, B, C, and D. A small portion of the Factory G was retained, as well as other scattered support structures; however, because of the substantial loss of historic integrity the plant&#39;s National Historic Landmark designation was withdrawn on April 4, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Kewanee is a former hotel in downtown Kewanee, Illinois, located at 125 North Chestnut Street.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Hotel Kewanee was built in 1916. It is a four-story brick building, and during its heyday it featured over 100 guest rooms, a restaurant, a full bar, a lounge, a ballroom, and many local businesses in its storefronts on the ground floor. Peoria architects Hewitt & Emerson designed the building, which cost $150,000. At the time of its opening in 1916, it was known as The Parkside Hotel. This moniker lasted until the 1950s, when it was renamed The Hotel Kewanee following a major renovation.</p><br>
<p>Longtime proprietor Charlie Summers, Sr. and his family owned and operated the hotel from 1962 to 1992. During this time, the hotel hosted a full-scale restaurant, bar, and lounge that were open to the public. It also hosted private functions in its ballroom until 1977, when the ballroom was replaced with additional hotel rooms. The Hotel Kewanee hosted many famous guests over the years, including: USA Senator Everett McKinley Dirksen (R-IL); Governor Richard Buell Ogilvie (D-IL); Maureen Reagan, daughter of President Ronald Reagan; Margaret Whiting, pop singer; Bob Crosby, bandleader and brother of actor Bing Crosby; Suzy Bogguss, country music singer; USA Senator John Tower (R-TX); and Marjabelle Young Stewart, author and etiquette expert.</p><br>
<p>WKEI, a Kewanee-based radio station, had its studios on the fourth floor of The Hotel Kewanee from 1961 to 1981.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, it was named to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Henry County Housing Authority acquired the building in the early 2000s. It has been renovated for use as senior citizen housing and was renamed Parkside Apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Thief River Falls Library is a library and historic site in Thief River Falls, Minnesota, USA that dates from 1900.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1900, a few civic leaders decided that a book collection was needed for everyone to use. Money was raised for a small collection of books which were then housed in the first library, a storefront on 2nd Street, which was provided rent-free.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1902, a small one-story annex was built for the library on the north side of the old City Fire Hall at the corner of First Street and Main Avenue. A Mr. L.G. Browning was hired as the first librarian that year, at the salary of $14 a month.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, the library became an official separate department of the City of Thief River Falls. When the city moved to its current location, the library also moved and was located in a large room in the basement. As the library grew, it was evident it needed more space. In 1914, the Carnegie Library was built in Thief River Falls and dedicated on May 12, 1915. The Carnegie Library provided the library with a children’s section.</p><br>
<p>Hazel Halgrim, the librarian from 1912-1913, again assumed the librarianship in 1925 and remained in the position until 1953. During this time, she implemented county outreach library service. This became a model for the state. In 1929, Pennington County became the eleventh Minnesota County to receive library service. Halgrim became so well respected among librarians in the state, that they first elected her secretary, then president, of the Minnesota Library Association. Known as "Miss Library", Frances Shanahan became the TRF librarian in 1953 and served until her death in 1965. Named one of the three 1962 Outstanding Women of Thief River Falls by the Business and Professional Women&#39;s Club, Shanahan would not live to see her two dreams-a new library, and regionalization of library services—come to completion.</p><br>
<p>It became apparent that the Carnegie Library was crowded and the building was in need of repairs. It was in 1966, that the library moved to its present location across the street from the Carnegie Library, which still houses the library today.</p><br>
<p>In 1968, Pennington and Red Lake counties banded together to form the Northwest Regional Library system and established the Thief River Falls Public Library as its headquarters library. The regional system helped the TRF Public Library expand its resources through interlibrary loan services, savings from bulk purchases, savings from a centralized processing and administrative staff and much more.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, during the library&#39;s 90th anniversary celebration week, the TRF Public Library automated its circulation system. In late 1994, Internet access was added. During the 90th anniversary celebration, the library board noted a number of other changes that had occurred: the library had gone from a start-up collection of 200 books to over 55,000 books in that time frame. It had also increased the formats it offered from books only to books, newspapers, magazines, videos, audios, CDs and DVDs.</p><br>
<p>The library continues to grow and develop, always keeping an eye on the original purpose of the library—to provide informational, educational and recreational opportunities to all.</p><br>
<p>The 1914 Carnegie library building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Mynydd Graig Goch  is the western end peak of the Nantlle Ridge, and is a subsidiary summit of Craig Cwm Silyn. It is also the most westerly 2000 ft peak in Wales. For many years it was excluded from lists of the Welsh 2000 ft hills due to a spot height of 609m on OS maps. However, this changed in 2008. After years of speculation a group of hillwalkers carried out a precise GPS survey of the peak, measuring the absolute height as 609.75 m .</p><br>
<h2>Panorama and topography</h2><br>
<p>The summit is boulder strewn, crowned by several tors of rock, of which one is the true summit. The southern and western flanks consist of large boulder fields. The north-east face has steep cliffs, that form the backwall of the glacial Cwm Dulyn. Cwm Dulyn&#39;s lake Llyn Cwm Dulyn contains a population of Arctic Char. Views from the summit are extensive, overseeing Lleyn and the coast. Garnedd Goch, Mynydd Mawr, Moel Hebog and Yr Wyddfa (Snowdon) are all observable.</p><br>
<p>Rosemount is a historic plantation house near Forkland, Alabama. The Greek Revival style house was built in stages between 1832 and the 1850s by the Glover family. The house has been called the "Grand Mansion of Alabama." The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 27, 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Allen Glover, of Demopolis, gave the 3,000 acre property to his son, Williamson Allen Glover, in the early 1830s. The main block of the house, designed in 1832 by state architect, William Nichols, is centered on a prominent star-shaped hill. This main block, with three floors and a mezzanine, was built in 1835. Williamson Allen Glover continued to expand the rear and interior of the house, through successive additions and reconfigurations, up to 1855. He went on to raise a total of sixteen children in the mansion&#39;s twenty rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior of the house features a Carolina-type monumental two-story Ionic portico, east and west side porches, and a continuous cornice with dentils above the second story and the cupola. The house plan forms a T-shape, to take advantage of the cross-ventilation that this plan affords. The major interior rooms include an entrance hall, twin parlors, great halls on both main floors that are 60 ft long, a dining room, eight bedrooms, and a roof-top cupola, the largest residential example in Alabama. The cupola houses a music room that measures 16 ft by 25 ft; double doors exit the south side of the music room onto a three sided porch with Doric columns. The cupola functioned as a look-out over the plantation and, along with the great halls, as a way to exhaust heated air out of the house during hot weather. Though no longer extant, the grounds once included formal gardens, a carriage house, a two-story servant&#39;s quarters, a schoolhouse, several barns, a corn crib, a shop, five slave cabins behind the main house, and a "slave village" about one mile away. Additionally there was a detached kitchen, now destroyed, that was later moved and attached to the house.</p><br>
<p>The house passed through different families over the years, going through some periods of disrepair and later, restorations. A massive restoration was begun around 2005 and the exterior was completely finished. The mansion has remained empty since and is slowly being overtaken by vegetation.</p><br>
<p>Tanglewood Island is a small island in Hale Passage off the northern shore of Fox Island in Pierce County, Washington.</p><br>
<p>The island was a summer home of Conrad L. Hoska (1856–1910), a prominent figure in the nearby city of Tacoma. From 1945 it hosted a boys&#39; camp, and in the following year the lighthouse structure (pictured) was completed.</p><br>
<p>The Geographic Names Information System lists several alternative names: Ellens Isle, Grant Island, Grave Island, and Hoska Island. It was chosen as the official name of the island by the USA Board on Geographic Names in 1947.</p><br>
<p>In the 2010 United States Census, the island was included as part of the Fox Island census-designated place. The census block encompassing just Tanglewood Island showed a population of 8 with 5 housing units.</p><br>
<p>The Old Brevard County Courthouse, renamed in 2006 as the Vassar B. Carlton Historic Titusville Courthouse, is an historic courthouse building located at 506 South Palm Avenue in Titusville, Florida. Designed in the Classical Revival style, it was built in 1912 by Lightman, McDonald and Company to serve as Brevard County&#39;s first courthouse building erected in Titusville.</p><br>
<p>Because of its long, narrow shape, Brevard County has centralized its governmental services in Viera, with a North Branch in Titusville and a South Branch in Melbourne. Titusville, however, still remains the official county seat. Today the Old Brevard County Courthouse is still used for some functions, but is an annex of the North Brevard Government Center located at 400 South Street in Titusville.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the Old Brevard County Courthouse was listed in A Guide to Florida&#39;s Historic Architecture, published by the University of Florida Press. It was renamed in February 2006 in honor of the late Vassar B. Carlton (1913-2005), who served as a County Judge and then as a Circuit Judge in Brevard County from 1941 until his election to the Florida Supreme Court in 1968.</p><br>
<p>The Lower Toklat Ranger Cabin No. 18, also known as the Lower Toklat Patrol Cabin, is a log shelter in the National Park Service Rustic style in Denali National Park. The cabin is part of a network of shelters used by patrolling park rangers throughout the park. It is a standard design by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs and was built in 1931. The cabin has twelve separate log dog kennels, also to a standard Park Service design.</p><br>
<p>Work began in the summer of 1931, with construction carried out by contracted carpenters, described as "two old Swedes". A ranger-built food cache and dog houses followed in 1933 and 1936.The design originated at Yellowstone National Park, adapted in this case with a somewhat larger size.</p><br>
<p>The Lawyers Hill Historic District is a national historic district located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland. The district encompasses a broad array of architectural styles ranging from 1738 Georgian Colonial to 1941 Georgian Revival. The collection of Victorian domestic architecture built during the 1840s to 1880s is unparalleled in the county, with no two houses the same. Some of the later cottages were designed by Philadelphia architect Brognard Okie. There are variations of the American Gothic Revival form, Italianate, Queen Anne, and Shingle-style structures. There is also a range of Colonial Revival houses, from craftsman era rustic cottages to more formal Georgian, and mass-produced Dutch Colonial models from the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The area developed originally in the 19th century as a summer community and early commuter suburb for prominent Baltimoreans. With the opening of the Thomas Viaduct in 1836, the Patapsco Valley south of the river was easily accessible to Baltimoreans. Many of the first residents were respected lawyers and doctors active in many of the professional and cultural organizations still vital in the state today. During the 1840s, as railroad service improved, Lawyers Hill residents began commuting to Baltimore on a daily and weekly basis, establishing the community as the state&#39;s first railroad commuter suburb.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Savage Mill Historic District is a national historic district located at Savage, Howard County, Maryland. The district comprises the industrial complex of Savage Mill and the village of workers&#39; housing to the north of the complex.</p><br>
<p>The site of Savage Mill on the rapids of the Little Patuxent River had been used for mill operations since the early 18th century. The district was part of a land grant named Ridgeley&#39;s Forest, surveyed in 1685 by Colonel Henry Ridgley. In 1750, Alexander Warfield built a mill along the river which was eclipsed by a larger construction chartered in 1812 by the Williams Brothers. By 1825, the mill employed 200 people including women and children, and 120 power looms for the production of cotton duck. The complex included several additions: a grist mill, an iron foundry, and a machine shop. The company was sold to William H. Baldwin, Jr. in 1847, who owned a Baltimore dry goods firm. In the early 20th century, the company became Baldwin, Leslie and Company, and the mill was expanded. A decade later the Baldwin family erected a stone community hall for the town and constructed a large group of tenant houses. From 1923 to 1941 the Carroll Baldwin Memorial Community Hall served as a movie theatre. For a brief period, the Maryland State Police set up an barracks in 1927-1929 leased from the Savage Manufacturing Company before relocating to Waterloo. By 1941 the company employed 325 people, and during World War II, produced 400,000 pounds of cotton duck a month. In 1948 the mill closed, and in the 1950s it spent a brief period being used to manufacture Christmas ornaments before closing permanently and converted for commercial use.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Tell Billa is an archaeological site in Nineveh Province . It is the ancient city of Shibaniba, not far from Assur.</p><br>
<h2>History of archaeological research</h2><br>
<p>After some minor soundings done by Austen Henry Layard around 1850, Tell Billa was excavated between 1930 and 1934 by a team from the University of Pennsylvania and the American Schools of Oriental Research. The excavation was led by Ephraim Avigdor Speiser with Charles Bache.</p><br>
<h2>Tell Billa and its environment</h2><br>
<p>The site consists of a large mound and covers around 30 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Occupation history</h2><br>
<p>There is some evidence of occupation as far back as the Early Dynastic period, including some Hurrian presence in the middle second millennium. The majority of excavated material, however, is from the Middle Assyrian and Neo-Assyrian times, including glyptic and epigraphic material.</p><br>
<p>Thornhill is a historic plantation near Forkland, Alabama. The Greek Revival main house was built in 1833 by James Innes Thornton. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 10, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Innes Thornton was born October 28, 1800, at the Thornton family plantation known as Fall Hill, in Fredericksburg, Virginia. He was educated at Washington and Lee University and then emigrated to Huntsville, Alabama. He began to practice law there in 1820. He was elected as Alabama&#39;s third secretary of state in 1824 and remained in that position until 1834. After this he retired from public life and became a planter in Greene County. Thornton married Mary Amelia Glover in 1825, daughter of Allen and Sarah Norwood Glover of Demopolis. They had two children. Her brother, Williamson Allen Glover, developed the neighboring plantation known as Rosemount. Mary died after only a few years. In 1831, Thornton remarried to Anne Amelia Smith of Dumfries, Virginia. Anne died in 1864. He then remarried in 1870 for a third and final time to Mrs. Sarah Williams Gould Gowdy, daughter of William Proctor and Eliza Chotard Gould of the Hill of Howth in Boligee. Thornton died at Thornhill on September 13, 1877.</p><br>
<p>Regarding the Thornton connection to George Washington, Mildred Washington Gregory, George Washingtons paternal aunt and godmother, had three daughters who married three Thornton brothers. Mildred Gregorys daughter Frances (circ. 1720-1790)(first cousin of George Washington) married Col. Francis Thornton III (circ. 1711-1748) of Fall Hill. They were the great-grandparents of James Innes Thornton.</p><br>
<p>Thornhill Plantation was developed as a cotton plantation in the early 1830s and extended over 2,600 acre. It utilized the labor of 156 slaves by 1860. About a third of the slaves lived in quarters behind the plantation house. According to the diary of Josiah Gorgas, in talking with Thornton at Thornhill on Tuesday, June 6, 1865, less than two months after the end of the Civil War, Thornton "oppos(ed)... the doctrine of secession and necessary deduction that we fought so valiantly (in the War) and bled so freely in a cause radically wrong." Gorgas pointed out however, "He has, I learn however, done his share to sustain the war, & perhaps that consciousness makes him talk the more freely of his former views"</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>William Nichols is believed to be the architect of the main house at Thornhill. Nichols became the state architect of Alabama in 1827. He is known for designing the now-destroyed Alabama State Capitol building at Tuscaloosa and the former Mississippi State Capitol building in Jackson, Mississippi. The house at Thornhill was completed by 1833. The monumental two-story portico with six Ionic columns was added circa 1850. David Rinehart Anthony, of Eutaw, is believed to be the builder who made the portico addition and second story balcony (crisscrossed lattice railing). The house measures 55 ft wide. Inside is a 14 ft wide by 40 ft long central hall with a spiral staircase at the back. There are two rooms to either side. The left front room was the parlor, with the dining room behind it. On the front right was the master bedroom with the plantation office behind it. Upstairs is a matching hall and four bedrooms. All eight rooms are 19.5 ft square. The downstairs rooms have 12 ft ceilings. The upstairs ceilings are 11 ft.</p><br>
<p>Originally there was a brick kitchen behind the house, it later burned. Additions were made to the original structure from circa 1890 to 1949. They were razed in 1994 and rebuilt to better match the original intent of the house. The house and grounds were extensively recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1934. The plantation schoolhouse was constructed circa 1845. The Thornton children, as well as neighboring plantation children, were taught there. Surrounding the schoolhouse are 230-year-old post oaks.</p><br>
<h2>Family Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Buried in the family cemetery, located a few hundred feet east of the main house, are:</p><br>
<p>James Innes Thornton (October 28, 1800 - September 13, 1877)</p><br>
<p>Anne Amelia Smith Thornton (February 14, 1812 - August 2, 1864), his second wife. She had two sisters who married Virginians and came to live in Greene County. Mary Virginia Smith married Dr. Philip Lewis Lightfoot and lived at "Morven", named for the Lightfoot family home in Virginia. The younger sister, Sally Innes Smith, married Colonel George Willis and spent the spring and fall at their Greene County home, "Ben Lomond", on their semi-annual journeys between their home in Virginia, and their winter home in Florida. The homes of these three sisters, "Thornhill", "Morven", and "Ben Lomond" were quite near each other. Morven was on the same ridge as Thornhill (north one mile), and Ben Lomond was on the ridge across the road from Thornhill (northwest 1/2 mile).</p><br>
<p>James Innes Thornton Jr. (November 31, 1835 - December 12, 1837), his son.</p><br>
<p>Fitzgerald Thornton (October 6, 1837 - July 6, 1939), his son.</p><br>
<p>Catherine (Kate) Marshall Thornton (September 30, 1842 - October 27, 1870), his daughter. She was re-interred from Nevada in 1906. She married her first cousin Harry Innes Thornton, whose father, the senior Harry Innes Thornton was Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>Harry Innes Thornton (May 18, 1848 - May 30, 1900), his son.</p><br>
<p>Sallie A. Blocker Thornton (1849 - 1924), his daughter-in-law.</p><br>
<p>Bettie Cooper Thornton (September 19, 1876 - July 16, 1878), his granddaughter.</p><br>
<p>Harry Innes Thornton (January 18, 1883 - 1938), his grandson.</p><br>
<p>George Francis Thornton (December 10, 1885 - July 14, 1889), his grandson.</p><br>
<p>Grandson James Innes Thornton (March 10, 1873 - July 23, 1951) was re-interred in Eutaw&#39;s Mesopotamia Cemetery, next to his second wife, Helen Williamson Allison Thornton (February 15, 1890 – December 12, 1963). His first wife, Betty Woolf Thornton (April 23, 1887 – September 22, 1932), was re-interred in the Dayton Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Thornton&#39;s first wife, Mary Amelia Glover Thornton, is buried in the Glover Mausoleum at Riverside Cemetery, Demopolis. His third wife, Sarah Williams Gould Gowdy Thornton (June 11, 1824 – August 23, 1885), is buried in the Bethsalem Cemetery, Boligee.</p><br>
<p>The Mount McKinley National Park Headquarters District in what is now called Denali National Park was the original administrative center of the park. It contains an extensive collection of National Park Service Rustic structures, primarily designed by the National Park Service&#39;s Branch of Plans and Designs in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, the newly created park received funding to hire staff and establish an administrative area. When the Alaska Railroad reached the park in 1922, park headquarters were moved from the community of Nenana to a location near the new railroad station within the park boundaries. In the fall of 1925, park headquarters were moved to its current location. By 1927, nine structures, including those moved from the original site, occupied the headquarters district.</p><br>
<p>As the hub of park administrative and management, the headquarters area expanded according to detailed plans provided by the Branch of Plans and Design. As in many of the national parks during the Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps had an important role in the development of conservation and recreation-oriented projects within the park as a whole and headquarters district in particular. Beginning in 1938, CCC accomplished many projects within the park, but most of their efforts focused on the headquarters area where they constructed sewer and water lines, roads, and buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing Properties</h2><br>
<p>The historical district contains a total of 14 contributing properties, built between 1926 and 1941:</p><br>
<p>Office Building, also known as the Old Museum, 63.72216&deg; latitude, -148.96544&deg; longitude, built 1926.</p><br>
<p>Warehouse, actually hosting the Museum 63.72076&deg; latitude, -148.96627&deg; longitude, built 1928.</p><br>
<p>Barn, also known as the Old Sign Shop, 63.72029&deg; latitude, -148.96598&deg; longitude, built 1928-1929.</p><br>
<p>Dog Feed Cache and Sled Storage, comprising dog houses and kennels 63.7195&deg; latitude, -148.96856&deg; longitude, built 1929-1930.</p><br>
<p>Electric Light Plant (Power House), also known as the Engineer Office, 63.72134&deg; latitude, -148.96528&deg; longitude, built 1930-1931.</p><br>
<p>Garage, also known as the Ranger Cache, 63.7208&deg; latitude, -148.96686&deg; longitude, built 1931.</p><br>
<p>Comfort Station, also known as the "John House", 63.72128&deg; latitude, -148.9651&deg; longitude, built 1932.</p><br>
<p>Boiler House, also known as the Plumbing Shop, 63.7205&deg; latitude, -148.96502&deg; longitude, built 1932.</p><br>
<p>Rangers&#39; Dormitory, also known as the Administration Building, 63.72104&deg; latitude, -148.96627&deg; longitude, built 1934-1935.</p><br>
<p>Employee Residences, two buildings, 63.72154&deg; latitude, -148.96452&deg; longitude, both built 1938.</p><br>
<p>Superintendent&#39;s Garage 63.72217&deg; latitude, -148.96605&deg; longitude, built 1939.</p><br>
<p>Garage and Repair Shop, also known as the Carpenter Shop, 63.72053&deg; latitude, -148.96641&deg; longitude, built 1939.</p><br>
<p>Employees Residence, also known as the Superintendents Residence, 63.7211&deg; latitude, -148.96418&deg; longitude, built 1940-1941.</p><br>
<p>The Bremner Historic Mining District is a historic district in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in Alaska. It is named after John Bremner, who in 1884-1885 was the first non-native person to live in the area and who prospected for gold along the Bremner River. Located just to the north of the Bremner River, it was the scene of an important placer gold discovery in 1902, and played a key role in the history of the Copper River Basin. Only a few miners struck it rich, but the resulting demand for materials and supplies helped establish regional transportation networks, encouraged supporting industries, and hastened the exploration and settlement of the entire region. While small-scale placer mining continued for over forty years, lode development was largely confined to the period between 1934 and 1941, the district&#39;s most significant era.</p><br>
<p>The Bremner Historic Mining District embodies its period of twentieth-century mining, illustrating both its mining process and its evolutionary sequence. Unusually complete, it retains virtually all of its historic components, including an important placer site, a camp, four discrete lode mines, a mill, and an associated transportation network.</p><br>
<p>The Golconda Mining Company site, which contains a campsite, an elaborate ditch, and extensive piles of hand-stacked cobble, provides an example of an early placer mining system. The Goldconda complex includes two airstrips dating to the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Yellow Band mining camp is one of the region’s most complete, not only containing the typical housing and office facilities, but a sophisticated hydroelectric system. This camp is also significant for its association with Asa C. Baldwin, a distinguished regional explorer, surveyor, and mining engineer. While working for the USA Geodetic Survey, Baldwin completed the first American marine survey of Kodiak and the Aleutian Islands in 1909. From 1910-13, he served as a field officer with the USA-Canadian International Boundary Survey. Over the years, Baldwin worked locally as a consulting engineer, where, among other activities, he advised the Kennecott Copper Company and the Copper River and Northwestern Railway. Baldwin began prospecting in the Bremner District in the early 1930s, and from 1936 to 1940, was president of the Yellow Band Mining Company. He acquired the Bremner Gold Mining Company holdings in 1939.</p><br>
<p>Lucky Girl, Grand Prize, Sheriff, and Yellow Band Mines are examples of remote underground mining operations. With each containing a variety of buildings and structures. While Lucky Girl mill is now ruinous due to repeated avalanche strikes, its operating machinery remains intact and in most cases in situ.</p><br>
<p>In addition to Baldwin, the Bremner district is associated with aviator Merle "Mudhole" Smith, who started flying supplies for the Cordova Air Service in the 1930s, and who became stuck on the upper Golconda strip. Smith operated Cordova Air Service until 1968, when it merged with Alaska Airlines.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns-In-The-Prairie, now known as St. Johns Episcopal Church, is a historic Episcopal church in Forkland, Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized in 1834 by Caleb Ives, a pioneer missionary, and was admitted to parish status in 1838. The first rector was the Rev. John Avery. The wooden Gothic Revival structure was built in 1859 on a Southern plantation to the designs of Richard Upjohn.</p><br>
<p>After the American Civil War of 1861-1865, the Methodist planter had lost most of his assets. He ran afoul of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South after he built a saloon from the ruins of his plantation house. As a result, he decided to convert the congregation to an Episcopal church and move the building across the Black Warrior River to its present location in 1878. Others suggest he had sold alcohol to the Union Army and moved to flee veterans of the Confederate States Army.</p><br>
<p>As of 2017, the church still has congregants.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage significance</h2><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Elkridge Furnace Complex is a historic iron works located on approximately 16 acre at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>It comprises the six remaining buildings of an iron furnace which operated from the 18th century into the 1860s. Included are a large -story Federal/Greek Revival house constructed about 1835 as the residence of the furnace owner; a frame dwelling of approximately the same date which probably accommodated a manager or clerk; a -story company store and hotel or dormitory for furnace workers; two 19th-century outbuildings, possibly slave quarters; and a mid-19th-century brick duplex worker&#39;s dwelling. The 1835 Elkridge Furnace Inn is now operated as a restaurant and banquet facility.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The banks of the Patapsco River had been unearthed to mind for iron stone, which resulted in the displaced sand and earth being dumped into the river, affecting its navigability. In 1753 a law was enacted to prevent the further filling in of the Patapsco River&#39;s shipping channel at Elkridge Landing and up to Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>Caleb Dorsey, an ironmaster aware of iron ore found in the Patapsco River valley, established Elkridge Furnace in 1751 and Dorseys Forge upriver after 1761. Both projects took advantage of Englands need for iron from the colonies which resulted in repealing all taxes on iron pigs in 1750 and iron bar in 1757 respectively. The Furnace bellows ran on water power; Water was diverted to a water wheel through a water race. The turning waterwheel drove a gear shift that powered the bellows which fanned the forges charcoal fire. Dorseys Forge and made nails and horseshoes against English law forbidding finished production in the Colonies. During the American Revolutionary War he made cannons and bayonets. In 1772, Samuel and Edward Dorsey inherited their father Caleb&#39;s estate. In 1787 Samuel died, there were 9 or more slaves that worked his operation at the time.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin, Jonathan, Elias, George, Charles, and Thomas Ellicott from Pennsylvania created the Avalon Iron Works in 1822, purchasing Dorseys Forge and the Elkridge Furnace land. Andrew Ellicott built new furnace in 1826 manufacturing nails and rolled and split iron. Pig iron was used to create nails using waterpower at the forge in the 1800s. More than 100 people worked at the complex by the 1850s. The same year the Ellicotts furnace operations were foreclosed on by the Maryland Bank after iron prices dropped drastically. The Union Bank of Maryland purchased 700 acres including the forge for $25,000 in April 1850.</p><br>
<p>The Furnace was acquired by the Great Falls Iron Company in 1854. The forge, factory, mill and deep water channels were destroyed in a flood in 1868. Enough was rebuilt to maintain production until 1873 when floodwaters mixed with molten iron, exploding the facility. Two structures that remained including the Furnace Inn are in a small extension of the Patapsco Valley State Park.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the Howard County Housing and Community Development and Ingerman Group attempted to place low income housing apartments next to the historic setting on the riverbanks adjacent to the site.</p><br>
<p>Cornehill is a historic home located at Parran, Calvert County, Maryland, United States. It is a five-bay-long two-story Georgian brick house laid in Flemish bond with a steeply pitched gable roof with an exterior chimney at each gable end. One brick on the southwest corner contains the date 1786 and the initials "T.F." The initials purportedly refer to Thelbert Freeland, a member of an influential family in northeastern Calvert County. Outbuildings include slave quarters to the south of the house, and a tobacco barn with oak framing. During the majority of the 18th century, the Mackall family, large Calvert County landowners, held Cornehill, or "Cornhill."</p><br>
<p>Cornehill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph D. Lyons House is a historic home in Sunderland, Calvert County, Maryland, United States that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is privately owned and not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>It is a large, two-story frame structure with a hip roof and full-width front and rear porches. The house is five bays in width, front and back, and four in depth on both sides, with all of the openings evenly spaced and precisely aligned at both floor levels. It was completed in 1924, and built in Colonial Revival-style by a local contracting firm known as Lyons, Gibson & Company who were responsible for many of Calvert County&#39;s more important early-20th century public buildings and private residences. A number of agricultural buildings contemporary with the house survive, including a garage, several sheds, and a sprawling, multi-use bank barn.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph D. Lyons House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Coal Creek Historic Mining District is a gold-mining area in the Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve of Alaska dating from the 1930s. It features a gold dredge and a supporting community of several dozen buildings, established by mining entrepreneur Ernest Patty.</p><br>
<p>The listed area includes the last 8 miles of Coal Creek before the Yukon River, where, at the mouth, the roadhouse Slaven&#39;s Cabin is included. It includes two former locations and the current location of the gold dredging operation. It includes 26 contributing buildings and 12 contributing structures and three contributing sites. The architecture is strictly functional, besides for the roadhouse.</p><br>
<p>The district contains buildings, structures, a dredge, water system, tailings piles, and other mine engineering sites and objects that together represent Alaskan dredge mining operations of the 1930s. The majority of buildings and structures were built between 1934 and 1940. The mining camp has been moved twice from it original site. The design, materials, and construction of the buildings all reflect the utilitarian and remote nature of the camp. Except for Slaven&#39;s Roadhouse, workmanship is strictly functional: competent but uninspired. Nothing detracts from the feeling of a remote placer mining operation of the 20th century. The district contains 26 contributing buildings, 3 sites, and 12 structures. The noncontributing items include 5 buildings and 2 structures.</p><br>
<p>In 1941, the camp was apparently moved from its original location near the mouth of Cheese Creek to a hillside location near Snare Creek, and in 1952 to the present location at Beaton Pup. The original camp site was dredged over in 1941. The creek has since changed channels and today flows through a portion of the first site.</p><br>
<p>The dredge is the most significant relic in the district. It is a medium-sized diesel-powered floating dredge. It was built by the Walter W. Johnson Company of Oakland, California and shipped in pieces to Skagway, then by rail to Whitehorse, Yukon Territory and by barge down the Yukon River.</p><br>
<p>The encampment moved three times. It was first established near the mouth of Cheese Creek in 1934, then moved to a location near Snare Creek in 1941. The final move brought it to its present location at Beaton Pup. The first site has not survived, having been dredged over. The second site has been altered by changes in the course of the creek. The Frank Slaven Roadhouse, separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is nearby and is included in the district. The third camp survives nearly intact, with its equipment and historic context preserved.</p><br>
<p>The placer operation was managed by mining engineer Ernest Patty, who arrived in Alaska in 1922 and had become an instructor at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks. Patty was to return to what had become the University of Alaska in 1953 as president of the university, retiring in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing Properties</h2><br>
<p>The main contributing properties to the historic districts are:</p><br>
<p>The Slaven&#39;s Cabin, 65.35045&deg; latitude, -143.12267&deg; longitude, AHRS# CHR-030, built 1928-1930.</p><br>
<p>The historic road along Coal Creek, 65.30876&deg; latitude, -143.14876&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>The trailing piles, 65.32394&deg; latitude, -143.11714&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>The dredge, 65.3347&deg; latitude, -143.11423&deg; longitude built 1935.</p><br>
<p>The Coal Creek Mining Camp, comprising 21 contributing buildings, 65.30522&deg; latitude, -143.15401&deg; longitude, built 1936-1941.</p><br>
<p>The cabin ruins along Snare Creek, 65.30127&deg; latitude, -143.184&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>The ditch, 65.28266&deg; latitude, -143.23508&deg; longitude and its intercept with Coal Creek 65.27284&deg; latitude, -143.28508&deg; longitude built in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The Cheese Creek Camp, 65.28397&deg; latitude, -143.21113&deg; longitude, AHRS# CHR-094, built 1936-1941.</p><br>
<p>Maidstone is one of the oldest historic surviving homes in Maryland and is located at Owings, Calvert County, Maryland. The home was built between 1683 and 1699 in what was then Anne Arundel County in the Province of Maryland. A brick in one of the chimneys is dated 1678.</p><br>
<h2>The house</h2><br>
<p>Maidstone was built as a Medieval style house with a roof progressing upwards, which extends out over the north and south facades of the house to form a porch in what many consider is traditional Maryland Colonial style. There are two outbuildings with old beams and rough-hewn horizontal siding. The grounds are well maintained, and there are stands of very old boxwood.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership</h2><br>
<p>Maidstone Plantation was owned by three generations of the Chew family over a span of more than 60 years, including Benjamin Chew (1671–1700), his son Samuel Chew (1693–1743) and grandson Benjamin Chew (1722–1810). In 1745, Maidstone was sold to an Anne Arundel County, Maryland farmer, Lewis Lewin. In 1755, Thomas Whittington and his wife Wilhelmina Powell purchased Maidstone with the proceeds from the sale of a portion of her inheritance, a plantation called Gory Banks. The couple built their "Dwelling house" and lived there until the death of each and Maidstone became the family dwelling home for three succeeding generations. By indenture dated April 9, 1783, Thomas Whittington purchased an additional 100 acres from Lewis Lewin&#39;s son, Samuel Lewin. The purchase included "Several Parts of Tracts or Parcells of Land following being part of Three Tracts of Land called and Known by the names of Halls Hills, Mackalls Hills and Maidstone."</p><br>
<p>Thomas Whittington&#39;s will, which was probated February 9, 1786, gave one half of his land containing Maidstone "where my Dwelling house stands" to his oldest son John. His second son, Thomas, received the other half of the land containing Gory Banks, while the third son, Benjamin, received 177 Pounds in lieu of land.</p><br>
<p>In John Whittingtons will, dated August 31, 1817, he stated that he had purchased the remainder of Maidstone from William Weems, Trustee for the real estate of Captain William Weems. Maidstone now contained three hundred and forty acres and was "the plantation upon which I now reside." Following John Whittingtons death, Maidstone became the property of his second wife, Elizabeth Scrivener Whittington. After her death, it became the property of John Whittington&#39;s daughter, Mary, who married Henry Childs on June 26, 1820. Therefore, Maidstone Plantation passed into the Childs family and was no longer the Whittington plantation.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>Maidstone was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
